How Long Can Cracked Eggs Last in the Fridge? An Expert Guide

Cracked eggs are a common dilemma faced by many home cooks and avid egg enthusiasts alike. Whether it’s the result of a clumsy drop or a faulty package, cracked eggs can cause uncertainty when it comes to their shelf life and safety for consumption. In the realm of food safety, it’s crucial to understand just how long cracked eggs can last in the refrigerator before they become a breeding ground for harmful bacteria. To shed light on this matter, this expert guide delves into the science behind cracked eggs, presents factors that impact their freshness, and provides insightful tips on how to maximize their storage potential without compromising safety. So, if you’ve ever found yourself wondering about the lifespan of cracked eggs in your fridge, sit tight and let this comprehensive exploration unravel the mysteries surrounding this culinary conundrum.

Table of Contents

Factors affecting the shelf life of cracked eggs

A. Shell integrity

The integrity of an eggshell plays a crucial role in determining the shelf life of a cracked egg. When an egg is cracked, the protective barrier of the shell is compromised, making it more susceptible to bacterial contamination. Microorganisms can easily enter through the crack and multiply, causing the egg to spoil at a faster rate. It is important to note that even hairline cracks can be a breeding ground for bacteria, so all cracked eggs should be handled with caution.

B. Bacterial contamination

Bacterial contamination is another factor that affects the shelf life of cracked eggs. Once the protective shell is compromised, bacteria present on the eggshell or in the surrounding environment can access the inner contents of the egg. This can lead to the growth of harmful bacteria such as Salmonella, which can cause foodborne illnesses. The risk of bacterial contamination is higher in cracked eggs compared to intact eggs, making it crucial to handle cracked eggs properly and avoid consuming them raw or undercooked.

C. Temperature control

Temperature control plays a vital role in extending the shelf life of cracked eggs. Eggs should be stored in the refrigerator at a constant temperature of 40°F (4°C) or below. The cool temperature helps to slow down bacterial growth and maintain the quality of the egg. However, fluctuations in temperature can accelerate spoilage, so it is important to ensure that the refrigerator is set to the appropriate temperature and that cracked eggs are stored on a shelf, away from other foods to prevent cross-contamination.

Overall, when it comes to the shelf life of cracked eggs, factors such as shell integrity, bacterial contamination, and temperature control are of utmost importance. Proper handling and storage practices can help minimize the risk of spoilage and ensure the safety of consuming cracked eggs. In the next sections, we will explore the labeling of cracked eggs, how to identify them, immediate actions to take upon discovering a crack, and the safety of consuming cracked eggs.

Understanding the labeling on cracked eggs

A. “Sell-by” date

When it comes to cracked eggs, understanding the labeling on the carton is crucial for ensuring food safety. One common label you may come across is the “sell-by” date. This date is typically indicated by the retailer and is meant to give an idea of how long the eggs should remain on the store shelves. However, it is important to note that the “sell-by” date is not an indication of the egg’s freshness or safety for consumption. It is merely a date used by retailers for inventory management purposes.

B. “Best-by” date

Another label you may find on cracked eggs is the “best-by” date. This date is an estimate of when the eggs will be at their peak quality in terms of flavor and texture. It is important to consume the eggs before this date for the best taste and culinary experience. However, it is also essential to note that the “best-by” date is not an indicator of safety. Eggs that have passed the “best-by” date can still be safe to eat as long as they have been stored properly and show no signs of spoilage.

C. “Use-by” date

The “use-by” date is another label you may find on cracked eggs. This date is an estimation of when the eggs should be used by for optimal safety and quality. It is recommended to consume the eggs before this date to reduce the risk of bacterial contamination. However, it is important to understand that the “use-by” date is not a guarantee of safety. Eggs that have passed the “use-by” date may still be safe to eat as long as they have been stored properly and show no signs of spoilage.

Understanding the labeling on cracked eggs is essential for making informed decisions about their consumption. While the “sell-by,” “best-by,” and “use-by” dates can provide guidance, it is crucial to also consider other factors such as shell integrity, temperature control, and bacterial contamination. It is always recommended to follow proper storage practices and assess the quality of the cracked egg before consuming it.

RecommendedHow to identify a cracked egg

A. Visual signs

When it comes to identifying a cracked egg, one of the most obvious ways is through visual inspection. Look for visible cracks or breaks in the eggshell. Cracked eggs may have hairline fractures or more significant breaks that can be easily seen. It’s important to note that cracks can occur on both the shell and membrane, so inspect the entire egg carefully.

B. Sound test

Another method to identify a cracked egg is by conducting a sound test. Hold the egg close to your ear and gently shake it. A cracked egg will produce a distinct sloshing sound due to the movement of the liquid inside. In contrast, a fresh, intact egg will not produce any sound.

C. Water test

The water test is a reliable way to determine if an egg is cracked or not. Fill a bowl or container with water and gently place the egg into it. If the egg sinks to the bottom and remains flat on its side, it is fresh and undamaged. However, if the egg floats or tilts upwards, it is likely cracked and should be discarded.

Knowing how to identify a cracked egg is crucial for ensuring food safety. Consuming cracked eggs can pose a risk of bacterial contamination, making it important to take appropriate actions when dealing with them.

It is worth noting that some small cracks may not be immediately visible. Therefore, it is always recommended to perform the sound test and water test in addition to a visual inspection before using an egg.

In the event of finding a cracked egg, immediate actions should be taken to prevent any potential contamination from spreading.

Immediate actions after discovering a cracked egg

A. Separating the egg from other foods

As soon as you identify a cracked egg, it is essential to separate it from other foods to avoid cross-contamination. Place the cracked egg in a separate container or bag to prevent any contact with other items in the refrigerator.

B. Disposing of the cracked egg

To ensure food safety, it is crucial to dispose of the cracked egg properly. Wrap it in multiple layers of plastic bags or use a sealed container to prevent any leakage. Dispose of it in a waste bin or follow local regulations for egg disposal.

C. Cleaning the area thoroughly

After handling a cracked egg, it is essential to clean the area where it was stored or any surfaces that may have come into contact with it. Use warm water and soap, followed by a sanitizing solution to ensure thorough cleaning and reduce the risk of bacterial contamination.

By following these immediate actions, you can minimize the potential risks associated with cracked eggs and maintain a safe and hygienic environment in your kitchen. Remember, prevention is key in ensuring food safety, and proper handling of cracked eggs is an important part of that process.

Immediate actions after discovering a cracked egg

A. Separating the egg from other foods

When you discover a cracked egg, it is crucial to immediately separate it from other foods to prevent the potential spread of harmful bacteria. Bacteria from the cracked egg can contaminate other foods in the refrigerator, increasing the risk of foodborne illnesses. Place the cracked egg in a separate container to ensure that it does not come into contact with other items.

B. Disposing of the cracked egg

Once the cracked egg has been separated, it should be properly disposed of to minimize any potential health risks. Wrap the cracked egg in a plastic bag and place it in the trash. This will prevent any contact with other items and help contain any unpleasant odor.

C. Cleaning the area thoroughly

After handling the cracked egg, it is important to thoroughly clean the area to eliminate any bacteria that may have been present. Use hot water and soap to wash your hands and any surfaces, utensils, or containers that came into contact with the cracked egg. This will help prevent cross-contamination and maintain good hygiene in your kitchen.

Taking immediate actions after discovering a cracked egg is essential for food safety. By separating the egg from other foods, disposing of it properly, and thoroughly cleaning the area, you can effectively reduce the risk of bacterial contamination and minimize the potential for foodborne illnesses.

It is important to note that cracked eggs should never be consumed raw or undercooked. Cooking eggs thoroughly ensures that any bacteria present in the cracked egg are killed, reducing the risk of illness.

It is also important to consider the needs of vulnerable populations, such as young children, pregnant women, and individuals with compromised immune systems, who are at a higher risk of foodborne illnesses. These individuals should avoid consuming cracked eggs altogether to minimize the risk of potential contamination.

By following these immediate actions after discovering a cracked egg, you can ensure the safety of your food and protect yourself and your family from potential health risks.

Remember, proper egg storage practices are vital to maintaining food safety. By understanding how to identify, handle, and store cracked eggs, you can minimize the risk of contamination and enjoy the benefits of eggs without compromising your health.

The Safety of Consuming Cracked Eggs

Risk of bacterial contamination

Cracked eggs pose a higher risk of bacterial contamination compared to intact eggs. When an egg’s shell is cracked, it provides a pathway for bacteria such as Salmonella to enter the egg. This is especially concerning because Salmonella infection can cause food poisoning symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. It is important to note that even if the crack appears small, bacteria can still enter the egg.

Importance of cooking cracked eggs thoroughly

To minimize the risk of foodborne illness, it is crucial to cook cracked eggs thoroughly. Cooking eggs to a temperature of 160°F (71°C) kills most bacteria, including Salmonella. Whether you are frying, scrambling, or making an omelet with cracked eggs, make sure the eggs are cooked until the yolks are firm and no longer runny.

Vulnerable populations and egg safety

Certain populations are more susceptible to severe illness resulting from Salmonella infection, such as young children, pregnant women, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems. For these vulnerable populations, it is particularly important to avoid consuming cracked eggs or dishes made with cracked eggs if they are not thoroughly cooked. Pregnant women, in particular, should avoid consuming raw or undercooked eggs due to the risk of Salmonella infection.

It is worth noting that in some countries, such as the United States, eggs are often pasteurized to kill any potential pathogens, including Salmonella. Pasteurized eggs are considered safe to consume, even if they are cracked, as the pasteurization process eliminates the risk of bacterial contamination.

In summary, consuming cracked eggs carries a higher risk of bacterial contamination, especially from Salmonella. To ensure safety, it is crucial to cook cracked eggs thoroughly, particularly for vulnerable populations. Additionally, considering the availability of pasteurized eggs can provide an alternative option for those concerned about cracked egg safety.

# VRecommended safe storage practices for cracked eggs

## A. Utilizing a separate container

When it comes to storing cracked eggs, it is important to use a separate container to ensure that any potential bacteria or contaminants from the cracked egg do not spread to other foods in the refrigerator. Keeping cracked eggs in their own container also helps to prevent any potential leakage from contaminating other items.

## B. Properly covering the cracked egg

To maintain the quality and safety of cracked eggs, it is crucial to properly cover them. This helps to prevent any cross-contamination and protects the cracked egg from absorbing any odors or flavors from other foods in the refrigerator. The ideal method for covering cracked eggs is to use plastic wrap or an airtight container.

## C. Maintaining constant refrigerator temperature

Consistent refrigeration temperature is essential for the safe storage of cracked eggs. The refrigerator should be set at or below 40°F (4°C) to inhibit the growth of bacteria. Fluctuating temperatures can accelerate bacterial growth and increase the risk of contamination in cracked eggs. It is important to regularly monitor and adjust the refrigerator temperature to ensure it remains within the safe range.

By utilizing a separate container, properly covering the cracked egg, and maintaining a constant refrigerator temperature, you can significantly extend the shelf life of cracked eggs and reduce the risk of bacterial contamination.

Proper storage practices not only ensure the safety of cracked eggs but also help to maintain their quality. Cracked eggs should not be stored for an extended period, even with these recommended practices, as their shelf life is inherently shorter than that of intact eggs.

Taking these precautions also applies to cracked eggs that have already been cooked. While cooked cracked eggs may be safe to consume if thoroughly heated, it is still important to follow proper storage guidelines to prevent cross-contamination and maintain their quality.

In conclusion, when faced with a cracked egg, it is crucial to separate it from other foods, dispose of it properly, and clean the area thoroughly. Following recommended safe storage practices, such as utilizing a separate container, properly covering the cracked egg, and maintaining constant refrigerator temperature, can help extend the shelf life of cracked eggs and reduce the risk of bacterial contamination. By following these guidelines, you can ensure the safety and quality of your cracked eggs and minimize any potential health risks.

Shelf life of cracked eggs in the refrigerator

A. Short-term storage guidelines

When it comes to cracked eggs, their shelf life in the refrigerator is significantly shorter than that of intact eggs. The general rule of thumb is that cracked eggs should be used or discarded within two days. This is because the protective barrier of the eggshell has been compromised, making it more susceptible to bacterial contamination.

To ensure the safety of consuming cracked eggs, it is important to follow proper short-term storage guidelines. After discovering a cracked egg, it should be placed in a separate container to prevent any leakage or cross-contamination with other foods in the fridge. The cracked egg should be properly covered with plastic wrap or an airtight lid to prevent any odor transfer and to maintain its moisture.

B. Long-term storage considerations

While cracked eggs are best consumed within two days, there may be instances where you wish to store them for a longer period. In such cases, it is recommended to freeze cracked eggs instead of keeping them in the refrigerator. Freezing cracked eggs can extend their shelf life for up to six months.

To freeze cracked eggs, they should be first beaten or mixed together in a container. This helps ensure consistent texture and makes them easier to use in recipes later. The beaten cracked eggs can then be transferred to a freezer-safe container or ice cube trays, which allow for convenient portion control. It is important to label the container or tray with the date to keep track of their storage duration.

C. Signs of spoilage to watch for

Despite following the recommended short-term or long-term storage guidelines, cracked eggs can still spoil. It is crucial to be aware of the signs indicating spoilage. Some common signs of a spoiled cracked egg include a strong unpleasant odor, discoloration of the egg white or yolk, and a slimy or watery consistency.

If any of these signs are present, it is best to err on the side of caution and discard the cracked egg immediately. Consuming a spoiled egg can lead to foodborne illnesses and should be avoided to ensure your health and safety.

In conclusion, cracked eggs have a limited shelf life in the refrigerator due to compromised shell integrity. It is important to follow short-term storage guidelines, using or discarding cracked eggs within two days. For longer storage, freezing cracked eggs is recommended, extending their shelf life to up to six months. However, it is crucial to be vigilant and watch for signs of spoilage such as unpleasant odor, discoloration, or change in consistency. By properly storing and monitoring cracked eggs, you can ensure your food remains safe and minimize the risk of foodborne illnesses.

Extending the Shelf Life of Cracked Eggs

A. Using Cracked Eggs in Cooking

When a cracked egg is discovered, it is important to use it as soon as possible to minimize the risk of bacterial contamination. One way to extend the shelf life of cracked eggs is by using them in cooking. Cracked eggs can still be safely consumed if they are cooked thoroughly. The high temperatures involved in cooking will kill any potential bacteria present in the cracked egg.

Cracked eggs can be used in a variety of recipes, including scrambled eggs, omelets, frittatas, and quiches. By incorporating cracked eggs into your meals, you can prevent food waste and make the most out of your cracked eggs.

B. Freezing Cracked Eggs

Another method to extend the shelf life of cracked eggs is by freezing them. Freezing cracked eggs can be done by carefully cracking the egg into a container suitable for freezing, such as an ice cube tray or a freezer-safe container. It is important to label the container with the date to keep track of the freezing time.

When using frozen cracked eggs, it is recommended to thaw them in the refrigerator before cooking. Thawing eggs at a controlled temperature will help maintain their quality and safety. Once thawed, they can be used in various recipes, such as baking, making scrambled eggs, or preparing a custard.

C. Creative Ways to Use Cracked Eggs

In addition to cooking and freezing cracked eggs, there are creative ways to utilize them before they spoil. One example is making a face mask using cracked eggs. The proteins in eggs can help nourish and moisturize the skin. Simply mix the cracked egg with other ingredients, such as honey or avocado, and apply the mixture to the face. Leave it on for 15-20 minutes and then rinse off with warm water.

Cracked eggs can also be used as a natural fertilizer for plants. The nutrients in the eggs can benefit the soil and promote plant growth. To use cracked eggs as a fertilizer, crush the eggshells into small pieces and mix them with soil or compost.

By finding alternative uses for cracked eggs, you can minimize waste and make the most out of these eggs before they become unsafe to consume.

In conclusion, while cracked eggs have a shorter shelf life compared to intact eggs, there are ways to extend their usability. By cooking cracked eggs thoroughly, freezing them, or using them in creative ways, you can make the most out of cracked eggs and reduce food waste. However, it is important to remember that cracked eggs should be handled with caution and any signs of spoilage should be monitored closely.

Common Myths about Cracked Eggs

A. Cracked eggs can be repaired

One common myth about cracked eggs is that they can be repaired. However, this is not the case. Once an eggshell is cracked, it cannot be fixed. The integrity of the shell has been compromised, and there is a high risk of bacterial contamination. Attempting to repair a cracked egg by gluing or patching the shell is not safe and should never be done.

B. Boiling cracked eggs will make them safe to eat

Another prevalent myth is that boiling cracked eggs will make them safe to eat. While cooking eggs thoroughly is important to kill any potential bacteria, boiling cracked eggs is not a solution. When an egg is cracked, bacteria can enter the egg through the shell, and boiling it will not eliminate or kill all the bacteria that may be inside. It is crucial to discard cracked eggs as soon as they are discovered to avoid any risks of foodborne illness.

C. Shell-less eggs are considered cracked eggs

Some people believe that shell-less eggs, also known as shell-less omelets or “naked” eggs, are considered cracked eggs. However, this is a misconception. Shell-less eggs refer to eggs that have been intentionally removed from their shells, often for culinary purposes. These eggs are untouched by cracks or any other damage. They are not considered cracked eggs and can be safely used in cooking or baking as long as they are handled and stored properly.

It is essential to debunk these common myths about cracked eggs to ensure food safety. Cracked eggs cannot be repaired, and boiling them will not make them safe to eat. Additionally, shell-less eggs are not considered cracked eggs as they have not been damaged. By understanding the facts and following proper storage guidelines, individuals can reduce the risk of foodborne illnesses associated with cracked eggs.

To learn more about cracked eggs and their storage, it is important to refer to expert recommendations from food safety organizations, consumer safety guidelines, and experienced chefs. These sources can provide valuable insights and tips for handling, storing, and using cracked eggs safely. By educating oneself on the proper handling and storage of eggs, individuals can minimize the chances of coming across cracked eggs and ensure the safety of their meals.

Expert Recommendations for Cracked Egg Storage

A. Consumer safety guidelines

When it comes to storing cracked eggs, it is important to adhere to certain guidelines to ensure food safety. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) recommends that cracked eggs should not be stored in the refrigerator door, as the temperature in this area can fluctuate and potentially lead to bacterial growth. Instead, it is best to store cracked eggs on a shelf in the main body of the refrigerator, where the temperature remains constant.

To prevent any cross-contamination, it is advisable to place cracked eggs in a separate container with a secure lid. This will help to contain any potential pathogens and prevent them from spreading to other foods. It is also important to label the container with the date the eggs cracked to keep track of their freshness.

B. Advice from food safety organizations

Food safety organizations, such as the FDA and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), provide additional recommendations for storing cracked eggs. They emphasize the importance of keeping cracked eggs refrigerated at all times and discarding any cracked eggs that have been left at room temperature for more than two hours. This is because bacteria can multiply rapidly at room temperature, increasing the risk of foodborne illness.

Additionally, these organizations advise against consuming raw or lightly cooked cracked eggs, as they may contain harmful bacteria such as Salmonella. It is crucial to cook cracked eggs thoroughly, reaching a safe internal temperature of 160°F (71°C), in order to kill any potential pathogens and reduce the risk of foodborne illness.

C. Storage tips from experienced chefs

Experienced chefs also offer valuable insights into storing cracked eggs. They recommend using cracked eggs primarily for cooking purposes rather than for raw consumption, as the cooking process helps to kill any bacteria that may be present. Cracked eggs can be used in various dishes, such as scrambled eggs, omelets, and baked goods like cakes and cookies.

If you find yourself with an excess of cracked eggs, one way to extend their shelf life is by freezing them. Crack the eggs into a bowl, gently whisk them to combine the yolk and the whites, and then pour the mixture into an ice cube tray. Once frozen, transfer the egg cubes to a freezer-safe container or bag. Frozen cracked eggs can be safely stored for up to one year.

In conclusion, proper storage of cracked eggs is essential for maintaining food safety. By following consumer safety guidelines, heeding the advice of food safety organizations, and utilizing storage tips from experienced chefs, you can ensure that your cracked eggs remain safe to consume and can be used effectively in cooking. Always prioritize proper handling and storage practices to prevent bacterial contamination and to maximize the shelf life of cracked eggs.

Strategies for preventing cracked eggs

A. Proper handling during transportation

Transporting eggs safely is crucial in preventing cracks. Follow these guidelines to ensure the eggs are not damaged during transportation:

1. Use sturdy and secure containers: Choose containers that can withstand impact and provide cushioning for the eggs. Avoid using flimsy bags or containers that can easily be crushed.

2. Optimal packaging: Wrap the eggs individually or in small groups using cushioning materials like bubble wrap or newspaper. This helps to absorb shock and prevent the eggs from moving around during transportation.

3. Securely seal the container: Ensure the lid or cover of the container is tightly closed to prevent any movement or shifting inside. This will reduce the risk of eggs colliding with each other and cracking.

4. Gentle handling: Be mindful of how you handle the egg container during transportation. Avoid throwing or dropping the container as it can cause cracks even with proper packaging.

B. Storing eggs at the correct temperature

Proper temperature control is essential for preventing egg cracks and maintaining their freshness. Follow these guidelines for storing eggs correctly:

1. Refrigeration: Store eggs in the refrigerator at temperatures between 35°F to 40°F (1.6°C to 4.4°C). This helps to slow down bacterial growth and maintain the integrity of the shells. Avoid storing eggs on the refrigerator door, as it can expose them to temperature fluctuations from opening and closing.

2. Avoid extreme temperatures: Do not expose eggs to extreme temperatures, such as leaving them outside in hot weather or freezing them. Extreme temperatures can cause the shell to expand or contract, leading to cracks.

3. Consistent temperature: Ensure that the refrigerator temperature remains consistent. Fluctuating temperatures can stress the shells and increase the risk of cracking. Investing in a refrigerator thermometer can help monitor and maintain a stable temperature.

C. Tips for handling eggs in the kitchen

Proper handling in the kitchen can reduce the likelihood of eggs getting cracked during food preparation. Consider the following tips:

1. Gentle handling: Handle eggs with care to minimize the risk of cracking. Avoid dropping them onto hard surfaces or hitting them against sharp edges.

2. Gradual warming: Before using refrigerated eggs, allow them to gradually reach room temperature by placing them on the countertop for around 30 minutes. Sudden temperature changes can cause cracking.

3. Use proper utensils: When cracking eggs, use a clean, smooth-edge surface such as a countertop or a designated egg-cracking tool. Sharp edges or utensils can contribute to cracked eggs.

4. Avoid overcrowding: If using multiple eggs in a recipe, crack each egg into a separate bowl before adding it to the mixture. This allows for easy removal of any shell pieces and prevents accidental cracks from occurring while cracking eggs directly into the main mixture.

By following these strategies for preventing cracked eggs, you can significantly reduce the risk of damaging the eggs and ensure their quality and safety for consumption. Maintaining proper handling during transportation, storing eggs at the correct temperature, and employing careful egg-handling practices in the kitchen are key steps in preventing egg cracks.

Conclusion

A. Recap of key points

In this article, we have explored various aspects of cracked egg storage and safety. We have discussed factors that can affect the shelf life of cracked eggs, such as shell integrity, bacterial contamination, and temperature control. We have also examined the different types of labeling on cracked eggs, including “sell-by,” “best-by,” and “use-by” dates.

B. Importance of following proper egg storage guidelines

It is crucial to follow proper egg storage guidelines to ensure food safety and prevent any potential health risks. Cracked eggs can be prone to bacterial contamination, which can lead to foodborne illnesses. By properly handling and storing cracked eggs, we can minimize the risk of such contaminations and keep ourselves and our loved ones safe.

C. Final thoughts from experts on cracked egg safety

Experts recommend immediate actions upon discovering a cracked egg, such as separating it from other foods, disposing of it properly, and thoroughly cleaning the area. It is also essential to cook cracked eggs thoroughly to eliminate any bacteria that may be present. Vulnerable populations, such as pregnant women, young children, and individuals with weakened immune systems, should take extra precautions when consuming cracked eggs.

Expert recommendations for cracked egg storage

Following consumer safety guidelines, advice from food safety organizations, and storage tips from experienced chefs is crucial for ensuring the proper storage of cracked eggs. Utilizing a separate container, properly covering the cracked egg, and maintaining a constant refrigerator temperature are essential practices for storing cracked eggs safely.

Importance of following proper egg storage guidelines

In conclusion, cracked eggs can still be used if handled and stored correctly. By understanding the factors that affect the shelf life of cracked eggs and the necessary precautions to take, we can reduce the risk of bacterial contamination and make the most out of cracked eggs in our cooking. It is crucial to follow expert recommendations and guidelines to ensure food safety and enjoy the benefits of cracked eggs without compromising our health. Always prioritize proper egg storage to make the most of your eggs and keep your meals safe and delicious.

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