How Far Will a Narcissist Go to Get You Back? Unveiling the Astonishing Extremes They May Reach

In the complex realm of human relationships, the pursuit of love and reconciliation often spawns intriguing and perplexing behaviors. Among these, the actions of narcissistic individuals can be particularly bewildering and, at times, even alarming. The allure and charm they initially exert can easily captivate a partner, but once the relationship ends, a narcissist may reveal an astonishing array of extremes to win back their former flame. This article delves into the depths of narcissistic manipulation, uncovering the astonishing lengths a narcissist might go to in their quest to regain control and bring back a lost lover. Whether driven by a desperate need for validation or a relentless hunger for power, the tactics employed by narcissists in their pursuit can be shockingly cunning and merciless.

Narcissists are characterized by an inflated sense of self-importance, an insatiable need for admiration, and a lack of empathy for others. When faced with rejection or the termination of a relationship, their fragile ego can be deeply wounded, leading to an intense obsession with restoring the bond. From relentless love bombing to malicious mind games, narcissists are known to employ manipulative tactics that exploit the emotions and vulnerabilities of their former partners. This article aims to unveil the astonishing extremes they may reach, shedding light on their relentless pursuit and the potential harm inflicted in the process. By unraveling the underlying motivations and tactics, it is vital to recognize the warning signs and develop strategies to protect oneself from the grasp of a narcissistic lover.

Table of Contents

Understanding the motivations of a narcissist in a breakup

The narcissist’s fragile ego

When a relationship comes to an end, the average person may experience hurt, sadness, or anger. However, for a narcissist, a breakup can be devastating to their fragile ego. Their self-image is often built upon the admiration and validation they receive from others, and the end of a relationship can feel like a personal attack. In order to regain control and restore their damaged self-esteem, a narcissist may go to astonishing extremes to win their ex-partner back.

The need for narcissistic supply

One of the primary motivations behind a narcissist’s desperate attempts to re-establish a relationship is their insatiable need for narcissistic supply. Narcissistic supply refers to the attention, admiration, and validation they receive from others. Losing a partner means losing a significant source of this supply, which can be deeply unsettling for a narcissist.

Control and power dynamics

Narcissists are notorious for their desire to control and manipulate others. A breakup threatens their ability to exercise this control, leading them to employ various tactics to regain power. By winning their ex-partner back, the narcissist can regain the control they seek and continue to exercise dominance over them.

Avoiding abandonment and rejection

Narcissists have an intense fear of abandonment and rejection, stemming from deep-rooted feelings of inadequacy and insecurity. To alleviate these fears, they may resort to extreme measures to ensure their ex-partner’s return. These measures can include emotional manipulation, stalking, and even threats of violence. By re-establishing the relationship, the narcissist can momentarily ease their anxieties and maintain a sense of security.

Preserving their false self-image

One of the key characteristics of narcissism is the construction of a false self-image. Narcissists project an idealized version of themselves to the outside world, meticulously curating an image of grandiosity and superiority. The end of a relationship threatens to expose their true nature, and in their quest to win their ex-partner back, narcissists aim to maintain this illusion. They may engage in excessive love bombing, make grand gestures, and promise change, all in an effort to convince their ex-partner that they are the person they initially fell in love with.

In conclusion, the motivations behind a narcissist’s actions in a breakup are deeply rooted in their fragile ego, the need for narcissistic supply, the desire for control, the fear of abandonment, and the preservation of their false self-image. Understanding these motivations can shed light on the extreme measures they may employ in their quest to win their ex-partner back. It is crucial for individuals dealing with a narcissistic ex-partner to recognize and protect themselves from these manipulative tactics.

Manipulative Tactics Employed by Narcissists in Their Quest to Win Their Ex Back

Understanding the mindset of a narcissist

When a relationship ends, a narcissist’s ego is deeply wounded, and their grandiose self-image is shattered. To regain control and feed their need for validation, they employ a variety of manipulative tactics to win their ex-partner back. Understanding these strategies can help victims recognize and protect themselves from further harm.

Bombarding the ex-partner with love bombing and excessive compliments

One of the tactics used by narcissists is love bombing, which involves overwhelming their ex with excessive attention and affection. They may shower their former partner with lavish gifts, compliments, and declarations of love. This behavior aims to re-establish emotional dependence and ignite feelings of nostalgia, making it harder for the ex-partner to resist their charm.

The use of gaslighting and emotional manipulation to confuse the ex-partner

Gaslighting is a common strategy employed by narcissists to manipulate their ex-partner’s perception of reality. They twist facts, deny previous actions or statements, and invalidate the other person’s emotions and experiences. By causing doubt and confusion, the narcissist gains power over their ex’s emotions, making them more susceptible to manipulation.

Exploiting vulnerabilities: Preying on the ex-partner’s insecurities and weaknesses

Narcissists are skilled at identifying and exploiting their ex-partner’s vulnerabilities. They may use past trauma, insecurities, or weaknesses as ammunition to control and manipulate their emotions. By preying on these areas of weakness, the narcissist gains power and leverage in their pursuit to win back their ex.

Stalking and invasion of privacy: Monitoring the ex-partner’s activities

In extreme cases, narcissists engage in stalking behaviors to gain information about their ex’s whereabouts, activities, and new relationships. They may monitor their social media accounts, track their movements, or even hire private investigators. This invasion of privacy is not only a violation but also a method for the narcissist to maintain control and potentially interfere with their partner’s new life.

False promises and grand gestures to regain the ex-partner’s trust

Narcissists often resort to making grand promises and gestures in an attempt to win back their ex’s trust. They may vow to change their behavior, seek therapy, or promise a better future together. However, these promises are usually empty and serve as manipulative tactics to regain control and keep the ex-partner engaged in their toxic cycle.

In the next section, we will explore the even darker side of a narcissist’s behavior: slandering, projecting false identities, threats, and potentially dangerous actions such as revenge, violence, or stalking. It is crucial to understand the extent to which a narcissist may go in their quest to regain power and control over their ex-partner, as it can help victims recognize warning signs and protect their own well-being.

Bombarding the ex-partner with love bombing and excessive compliments

The power of love bombing

In their relentless pursuit to regain control and attention, narcissists often resort to a manipulative technique known as love bombing. This tactic involves overwhelming the ex-partner with excessive compliments, declarations of love, and affectionate gestures. The aim is to lure the target back into the toxic relationship by momentarily boosting their self-esteem and creating an illusion of an idealized future together.

Love bombing can be extremely powerful, as it preys on the ex-partner’s vulnerability and emotional needs. The narcissist becomes skilled at mirroring the target’s desires and giving them exactly what they crave – attention and validation. They shower their ex-partner with extravagant gifts, lavish compliments, and endless promises of change, all in an attempt to sweep them off their feet and reignite the flame of the past relationship.

Manipulating through excessive compliments

One of the primary tactics narcissists employ during love bombing is showering the ex-partner with an overwhelming amount of compliments. They exploit any insecurity or craving for validation the target might have, using flattery as a tool for manipulation. By bombarding the ex-partner with praise about their appearance, intelligence, or accomplishments, the narcissist aims to create a dependency on their approval and admiration.

While being complimented can feel refreshing and uplifting, excessive compliments from a narcissist should be viewed with caution. These compliments are often insincere and serve as a means to control and manipulate the ex-partner. By constantly boosting the ex-partner’s ego, the narcissist gains their trust and makes them feel valued, thus increasing their chances of reconciliation.

However, it is important for the ex-partner to recognize that these compliments are not genuine expressions of love, but rather calculated tactics designed to exploit their vulnerabilities. Staying grounded and seeking support from friends, family, or a therapist can help the ex-partner navigate the minefield of love bombing and see through the narcissist’s façade.

In conclusion, love bombing and excessive compliments are just one of the many manipulative tactics employed by narcissists in their quest to win their ex back. By using this technique, narcissists prey on the ex-partner’s emotional needs and insecurities, gradually eroding their independence and judgement. It is crucial for individuals who have experienced love bombing to recognize its insidious nature and seek help to protect themselves from further harm.

The use of gaslighting and emotional manipulation to confuse the ex-partner

Gaslighting as a Manipulative Tactic

Gaslighting is a psychological manipulation technique commonly employed by narcissists to confuse and control their ex-partners. This tactic involves distorting the truth, denying facts, and even manipulating the ex-partner’s perceptions of reality. By doing so, the narcissist gains power and exerts control over their target.

Causing Doubt and Emotional Turmoil

Gaslighting often starts subtly, with the narcissist making small comments or gestures that make the ex-partner question their own memory, judgment, or sanity. Over time, the behavior escalates, leading to a state of confusion and emotional turmoil for the victim.

The narcissist will twist the facts, misrepresent events, and distort conversations to their advantage. They will employ tactics such as selective memory, misquoting, and intentionally provoking the ex-partner to elicit certain reactions. This manipulation strategy aims to make the ex-partner doubt their own version of events and rely on the narcissist’s distorted perspective.

Emotional Manipulation to Regain Control

Gaslighting is an effective tactic for the narcissist to regain control over their ex-partner by destabilizing their emotions and mental well-being. By sowing seeds of doubt, the narcissist keeps the ex-partner on edge, unsure of their own judgment, and more easily influenced by the narcissist’s whims.

The emotional manipulation involved in gaslighting often causes the ex-partner to question their own self-worth and sanity. The constant second-guessing erodes their confidence and leaves them vulnerable to further manipulation by the narcissist.

Escaping the Gaslighting Cycle

Recognizing and escaping the gaslighting cycle is crucial for the ex-partner’s mental and emotional well-being. It involves gaining awareness of the manipulative tactics employed by the narcissist and seeking support from trusted friends, family, or professionals.

By surrounding themselves with a strong support system, the ex-partner can establish a reality check to counter the narcissist’s gaslighting attempts. Additionally, educating oneself about gaslighting and building self-esteem can help in breaking free from the toxic cycle.

Conclusion

Gaslighting and emotional manipulation are powerful tools narcissists use to confuse and control their ex-partners. By distorting reality and sowing seeds of doubt, the narcissist gains power and keeps their victim under their influence. Recognizing and escaping this manipulative cycle is crucial for the ex-partner’s well-being and long-term emotional recovery.

Exploiting vulnerabilities: Preying on the ex-partner’s insecurities and weaknesses

Identifying and targeting vulnerabilities

When a narcissist is desperate to win their ex-partner back, they will stop at nothing to exploit any vulnerabilities or weaknesses they may have. This tactic allows them to gain control over the ex-partner and manipulate their emotions.

Playing with emotions

Narcissists are experts at manipulating emotions, and they know exactly which buttons to push to exploit their ex-partner’s vulnerabilities. Whether it is by reminding them of past mistakes, pointing out insecurities, or using guilt to trap them in a cycle of self-doubt, the narcissist will use any means necessary to break down the ex-partner emotionally.

Creating a sense of dependency

By preying on their ex-partner’s insecurities, the narcissist aims to create a dependency on them. They will use tactics such as gaslighting, withholding affection, and intentionally triggering emotional pain to make the ex-partner feel lost and alone without them. This sense of dependency makes it easier for the narcissist to regain control and force the ex-partner back into the relationship.

Exploiting past traumas

Narcissists are skilled at uncovering their ex-partner’s past traumas and using them to their advantage. Whether it is by reminding the ex-partner of painful experiences, exploiting their fears and anxieties, or manipulating their insecurities, the narcissist will stop at nothing to gain power over them. This manipulation can leave the ex-partner feeling trapped and unable to escape the toxic cycle.

Breaking down self-esteem

A narcissist will often target their ex-partner’s self-esteem, seeking to break it down and make them believe that they are unworthy of love and happiness outside of the relationship. Through criticism, devaluation, and constant comparison to others, the narcissist aims to make the ex-partner believe that they will never find anyone better, effectively trapping them in a cycle of self-doubt.

The importance of self-awareness and support

Recognizing and understanding these exploitative tactics is crucial for someone who has ended a relationship with a narcissist. By developing self-awareness, they can begin to heal from the emotional wounds caused by the narcissist and rebuild their self-esteem and confidence. Seeking support from friends, family, or a therapist can also provide invaluable guidance and help to break free from the toxic grip of the narcissist.

In conclusion, when a narcissist is determined to win their ex-partner back, they will exploit vulnerabilities and prey on insecurities and weaknesses. Through emotional manipulation and control, they aim to create a sense of dependency, making it difficult for the ex-partner to escape the toxic cycle. Recognizing these tactics and seeking support are crucial steps towards breaking free from the narcissist’s grasp and regaining emotional well-being.

Stalking and Invasion of Privacy: Monitoring the ex-partner’s activities

The Disturbing Extremes of Narcissistic Obsession

When it comes to reclaiming control over a former partner, narcissists are willing to cross dangerous boundaries. I of this series delves into the chilling world of stalking and invasion of privacy, unveiling the astonishing extremes that narcissists may reach.

Monitoring Every Move

Driven by an insatiable need for power and dominance, narcissists resort to stalking their ex-partners as a means to retain control over their lives. With the advent of technology, stalking has become alarmingly easy, allowing narcissists to monitor every move of their victims. From relentlessly tracking their online activities to installing spyware on their devices, nothing is off-limits for these individuals.

Obsession Turned Dangerous

What begins as innocent curiosity quickly transforms into a dangerous obsession. Narcissists may engage in aggressive and relentless surveillance, both online and offline, invading the privacy of their ex-partner’s everyday life. They might follow their victims, lurk outside their homes, or even hire private investigators to gather information.

The Emotional Toll

Stalking and invasion of privacy inflict severe emotional distress on the victims. The constant fear of being watched and the loss of personal boundaries can lead to anxiety, paranoia, and even post-traumatic stress disorder. Narcissists use this relentless monitoring to psychologically manipulate their ex-partners, to maintain a semblance of control, and to ensure their superiority and dominance.

Legal Implications

It is crucial to acknowledge that stalking and invasion of privacy are not only morally reprehensible but also illegal. Victims of narcissistic stalking can take legal action to protect themselves. Restraining orders, cease and desist orders, and documenting evidence of stalking behaviors are some of the legal steps that victims can pursue to ensure their safety. It is important to seek the support of legal professionals and law enforcement authorities while navigating through such cases.

Conclusion

I highlights the disturbing lengths narcissists may go to monitor and invade their ex-partners’ privacy. From using technology to physical surveillance, their obsession knows no bounds. It is essential for victims to understand the emotional toll of these actions and to seek legal protection. In the next section, we will explore the dangerous potential for revenge that narcissists possess, including the potential for violence and stalking behaviors.

False promises and grand gestures to regain the ex-partner’s trust

Introduction

When it comes to winning back an ex-partner, a narcissist will often resort to elaborate tactics to regain their trust and affection. This section delves into the deceptive methods narcissists employ, including false promises and grand gestures, to manipulate their ex-partner into giving them another chance.

False Promises

Narcissists are masters at saying what their ex-partner wants to hear. They will make grand promises of change, personal growth, and a better future together. These promises often seem too good to resist, giving the ex-partner hope that things might be different this time. However, it is important to recognize that narcissists rarely follow through on these commitments, using them as a means to reel their ex-partner back into the relationship without any intention of changing their behavior.

Grand Gestures

Another tactic narcissists employ to win back their ex-partner is the use of extravagant gestures. They may shower their ex-partner with expensive gifts, plan extravagant trips, or stage elaborate romantic scenes. These grand gestures are meant to create a sense of awe and overwhelm their ex-partner, leaving them feeling guilty for considering leaving or doubting the narcissist’s sincerity. However, it is crucial to understand that these acts are manipulative ploys, designed to distract the ex-partner from the underlying issues and reinforce the narcissist’s control over them.

The Illusion of Change

Narcissists excel at presenting an image of transformation and personal growth. They might enroll in therapy, attend self-help workshops, or join support groups to give the impression that they are actively working on themselves. However, this newfound commitment is often only surface-level, with little lasting impact on their narcissistic behavior. These efforts are primarily aimed at convincing the ex-partner that they have changed, creating a false sense of hope and luring them back into the relationship.

The Danger of False Promises and Grand Gestures

While false promises and grand gestures may seem enticing, it is crucial for the ex-partner to remain cautious. Falling for these tactics can lead to a repetitive cycle of abuse and disappointment. Recognizing the manipulation behind these acts is essential in breaking free from the narcissist’s hold and protecting one’s emotional well-being.

Conclusion

Narcissists will go to great lengths to regain the trust and affection of their ex-partner. False promises and grand gestures are just some of the tactics they employ to manipulate their way back into the relationship. It is important for the ex-partner to see through these deceptive acts and prioritize their own emotional well-being, understanding that true change is rare in a narcissist.

Slandering and Spreading Rumors: Isolating the Ex-Partner Socially

The Power of Words: Weaponizing Rumors and Slander

In their relentless pursuit to regain control over a broken relationship, narcissists often resort to slander and spreading rumors about their ex-partner. This manipulative tactic aims to isolate the target socially, tarnishing their reputation and severing their support system. By employing the power of words, narcissists seek to create doubt and mistrust among mutual friends and acquaintances.

The Social Isolation Trap: Cutting off Support Networks

To maintain their dominance and control over the narrative, narcissists unleash a barrage of fabricated stories and character assassinations against their ex-partner. This toxic campaign taints the perception of the target, leaving them feeling alienated, misunderstood, and alone. By spreading false information and creating a distorted image of the ex-partner, the narcissist aims to prevent any potential allies or sources of emotional support from stepping forward.

The Impacts of Social Isolation: Emotional and Psychological Harm

The consequences of social isolation caused by the narcissist’s manipulation tactics are severe and wide-reaching. The ex-partner may experience feelings of confusion, betrayal, and humiliation as they witness their social circle turn against them, unknowingly influenced by the narcissist’s web of deceit. The emotional harm inflicted can lead to a decline in self-esteem, increased feelings of loneliness, and even the onset of mental health issues such as depression and anxiety.

Fighting Back: Recognizing and Countering Slander

To combat the damaging effects of slander and rumors, it is crucial for the ex-partner to maintain open lines of communication with their trusted friends and family members. Sharing their side of the story, providing evidence refuting false allegations, and seeking support from those who know them best are essential in breaking free from the narcissist’s isolation trap. Building a strong support network can help the ex-partner navigate the challenging path ahead and regain their sense of self.

Legal Recourse: Protection Against Defamation

In extreme cases, where the narcissist’s defamation campaign poses significant harm to the ex-partner’s personal and professional life, seeking legal recourse may be necessary. Defamation laws vary by jurisdiction, but in general terms, defamation occurs when false statements are made to harm the reputation of an individual. Legal action can be taken to hold the narcissist accountable and seek compensation for the damage inflicted.

Conclusion

Slandering and spreading rumors is another disturbing tactic employed by narcissists in their quest to regain power and control. By isolating the ex-partner socially, they further their manipulation and perpetuate their distorted reality. Recognizing the impact of these actions, seeking support, and considering legal options can empower the ex-partner in their journey to break free from the narcissist’s grasp.

Projecting a false self to appear changed and more desirable

Introduction

In the twisted game of winning back their ex-partner, narcissists often resort to projecting a false self to appear changed and more desirable. This tactic aims to manipulate the ex-partner into believing that the narcissist has undergone a genuine transformation, capitalizing on their vulnerabilities.

The Deceptive Facade

Narcissists, driven by their insatiable need for admiration and control, meticulously craft a new persona to regain their ex-partner’s attention. They carefully study their ex-partner’s preferences, desires, and values, then mirror them in their changed self. By portraying themselves as the embodiment of their ex-partner’s dreams and aspirations, narcissists aim to become irresistible and spark renewed attraction.

Surface-Level Changes

To convince their ex-partner of their alleged transformation, narcissists often focus on superficial changes. These changes may include alterations in physical appearance, such as adopting a new style or undergoing cosmetic procedures, or showcasing material success to impress the ex-partner. These surface-level changes serve as a smokescreen, hiding the narcissist’s unchanged core personality traits.

False Empathy and Emotional Growth

One of the most cunning tactics used by narcissists is faking empathy and emotional growth. They pretend to become more attuned to their ex-partner’s emotions, displaying heightened sensitivity and understanding. Narcissists use this feigned emotional growth as leverage to manipulate their ex-partner into believing they have truly changed. However, this newfound empathy is only a facade, intended to manipulate emotions rather than genuinely understand and connect with their ex-partner’s feelings.

Gaslighting Revisited

In their quest to appear changed, narcissists may also employ gaslighting techniques once again. By downplaying their past abusive behavior and denying any wrongdoing, they aim to rewrite history and confuse their ex-partner’s perception of reality. This manipulation tactic creates doubt, making the ex-partner question their past experiences and judgment. Consequently, the narcissist seeks to regain control and power over the narrative, furthering their chances of winning their ex-partner back.

Conclusion

The depths to which a narcissist will sink to regain their ex-partner are truly astounding. Projecting a false self to appear changed and more desirable is just another tool in their arsenal. By manipulating their ex-partner’s vulnerabilities, relying on surface-level changes, and employing deceptive tactics, narcissists attempt to gain control and re-establish their dominance in the relationship. However, recognizing these manipulative strategies is crucial for the ex-partner to break free from the narcissist’s grasp and move towards a healthier future, untainted by their toxic influence.

Threats and Intimidation Tactics to Elicit Fear and Control

A Dark Side of Narcissism

When a narcissist reaches the point of desperation to get their ex-partner back, their tactics may turn sinister. Threats and intimidation become tools to elicit fear and exert control over their target. In this eleventh section of our series on narcissism, we explore the dangerous potential that narcissists have for violence and stalking behaviors.

Narcissists view their ex-partner as an extension of themselves and believe they have the right to possess, control, and manipulate them. When faced with rejection or abandonment, their fragile ego is shattered, leading them to resort to extreme measures to regain what they believe is rightfully theirs.

One of the most common tactics employed by narcissists is the use of threats. Whether it’s direct physical threats or veiled statements about the consequences of leaving them, they aim to instill fear in their ex-partner. By doing so, they hope to regain dominance in the relationship and force their target to succumb to their demands.

Intimidation tactics are also frequently utilized by narcissists. They may engage in aggressive behaviors, such as displaying anger, yelling, or breaking objects, to create a sense of fear and vulnerability in their ex-partner. The goal is to make the ex-partner feel powerless, weak, and dependent on the narcissist for their safety and well-being.

Moreover, some narcissists may escalate their intimidation tactics to stalking. They might follow their ex-partner, constantly monitor their activities, or even show up unannounced at their home or workplace. These actions are intended to remind the ex-partner that they are always being watched, and any attempt to escape or move on will be met with unwanted intrusion.

It is essential for those dealing with a narcissistic ex-partner to prioritize their safety and seek support. The unpredictable nature of narcissistic behavior means that threats and intimidation may progress to physical violence in extreme cases. Victims should consider involving law enforcement, obtaining restraining orders, and seeking therapy to process the trauma and protect themselves from further harm.

In conclusion, threats and intimidation tactics are some of the extremes narcissists may employ to regain control and elicit fear from their ex-partners. By recognizing and understanding these dangerous behaviors, individuals can take the necessary steps to protect themselves and break free from the cycle of abuse.

How Far Will a Narcissist Go to Get You Back? Unveiling the Astonishing Extremes They May Reach

Seeking revenge: The dangerous potential for violence or stalking behaviors

When a narcissist’s efforts to win back their ex-partner are unsuccessful, they may resort to seeking revenge. This stage is particularly concerning as it often involves dangerous and potentially violent behaviors. It is important to understand the warning signs and take necessary precautions to ensure personal safety.

Narcissistic individuals have a deep-rooted need for control and dominance, and the rejection from a breakup can trigger a narcissistic injury that threatens their fragile ego. In an attempt to regain control and exert power over their ex-partner, a narcissist may resort to various revenge tactics.

One of the most common forms of revenge is stalking, where the narcissist continuously monitors the ex-partner’s activities. This can include relentless text messages, phone calls, or emails. They may also enlist friends or family members to keep tabs on the ex-partner, gather information, and report back to them. In extreme cases, the narcissist may even follow the ex-partner, secretly watch their home, or show up uninvited at their workplace or social events.

Violence can also become a significant concern when dealing with a narcissist seeking revenge. In their desperate attempt to regain control, narcissists may resort to physical violence or threats of harm. This can manifest in aggressive confrontations, vandalizing property, or even physical assault.

To protect oneself from the potential dangers associated with a narcissist seeking revenge, it is vital to take appropriate actions. Establishing necessary boundaries and limiting contact with the narcissist is crucial. Informing trusted friends, family, and authorities about the situation can provide an additional layer of security.

Seeking professional help, such as therapy or counseling, can also assist in navigating this challenging situation. Therapists can provide guidance on handling and documenting incidents, creating safety plans, and connecting with support networks.

It is important to remember that narcissists are deeply manipulative individuals who will stop at nothing to achieve their goals, including revenge. By staying vigilant, recognizing the warning signs, and taking proactive measures to ensure personal safety, individuals can better protect themselves from the potentially dangerous actions of a narcissist seeking revenge.

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