Calculating the exact measurements required for a project can be a tedious and confusing task. Whether you are a DIY enthusiast, a construction professional, or simply a curious individual, certain measurements often leave us scratching our heads. One such question frequently encountered is the number of 5-gallon buckets that can fit into a cubic yard. To provide a quick and straightforward answer to this query, we have put together this guide to help you accurately estimate the amount of 5-gallon buckets in a cubic yard. By understanding these measurements, you’ll gain a useful insight into planning and executing various projects efficiently, saving both time and resources.
When embarking on construction or renovation projects, it is essential to have a clear understanding of the dimensions and quantities involved. 5-gallon buckets are commonly used in various scenarios, from mixing concrete and carrying materials to storage and transportation. Determining how many buckets can fit into a cubic yard can help you plan your resources effectively, ensuring you have the right quantities on hand. In this guide, we will break down the calculations involved, enabling you to accurately estimate the number of 5-gallon buckets needed for your particular project. So, let’s dive in and unravel the mystery of this puzzling measurement!
Understanding the Measurements
A. Definition of a 5-gallon bucket and its dimensions
A 5-gallon bucket is a commonly used container with a capacity of 5 gallons or approximately 18.9 liters. It is typically made of plastic and has a cylindrical shape with a flat bottom and a handle for easy carrying. The dimensions of a standard 5-gallon bucket usually include a diameter of about 12 inches (30.5 centimeters) and a height of approximately 14.5 inches (36.8 centimeters).
B. Explanation of a cubic yard and its dimensions
A cubic yard is a unit of volume commonly used in construction and landscaping. It is equivalent to a cube that measures 3 feet (36 inches) on each side. In other words, a cubic yard is equal to 27 cubic feet since 3 x 3 x 3 = 27. It is often used to measure materials such as soil, sand, gravel, and concrete.
Calculating the volume of a cubic yard involves multiplying the length, width, and height of a given space. For example, if you have a rectangular area that measures 3 feet wide, 3 feet long, and 3 feet high, the volume would be 27 cubic feet, which is equal to 1 cubic yard.
To better understand how many 5-gallon buckets are in a cubic yard, it is important to have a clear understanding of these measurements and how they relate to each other.
ICalculating the Volume of a 5-Gallon Bucket
A. Formula for calculating volume (V = π * r^2 * h)
The volume of a cylinder, such as a 5-gallon bucket, can be calculated using the formula V = π * r^2 * h, where V represents volume, π represents pi (approximately 3.14), r represents the radius of the cylinder, and h represents the height of the cylinder.
B. Substituting the dimensions of a 5-gallon bucket into the formula
To determine the volume of a 5-gallon bucket, we need to know the radius and height of the bucket. By substituting the appropriate values into the formula, we can calculate the volume.
C. Step-by-step calculation example
Let’s assume the 5-gallon bucket has a diameter of 12 inches, which means the radius (r) would be half of that, or 6 inches. And let’s assume the height (h) of the bucket is 14.5 inches.
Using the formula V = π * r^2 * h and substituting the values, the calculation would be as follows:
V = 3.14 * (6 inches)^2 * 14.5 inches
V = 3.14 * 36 square inches * 14.5 inches
V = 3.14 * 1,296 cubic inches * 14.5 inches
V = 57,363.12 cubic inches
Therefore, the volume of a standard 5-gallon bucket is approximately 57,363.12 cubic inches.
Knowing the volume of a 5-gallon bucket is essential for accurately determining the number of buckets needed to fill a cubic yard, as explained in the next section.
ICalculating the Volume of a 5-Gallon Bucket
A. Formula for calculating volume (V = π * r^2 * h)
In order to determine how many 5-gallon buckets are in a cubic yard, it is important to first understand how to calculate the volume of a 5-gallon bucket. The formula for calculating the volume of a cylinder, which a bucket closely resembles, is V = π * r^2 * h.
B. Substituting the dimensions of a 5-gallon bucket into the formula
A 5-gallon bucket has a radius (r) of approximately 5.5 inches and a height (h) of about 14.5 inches. By substituting these values into the formula, we can calculate the volume of the bucket.
V = π * (5.5 inches)^2 * (14.5 inches)
C. Step-by-step calculation example
Let’s calculate the volume of the 5-gallon bucket using the provided formula.
V = 3.14 * (5.5 inches)^2 * (14.5 inches)
V ≈ 522.99 cubic inches
Therefore, the volume of a 5-gallon bucket is approximately 522.99 cubic inches.
Now that we know the volume of a 5-gallon bucket, we can move on to determining the number of buckets in a cubic yard.
Next: ICalculating the Volume of a Cubic Yard
ICalculating the Volume of a Cubic Yard
A. Formula for calculating volume (V = l * w * h)
In order to determine how many 5-gallon buckets are in a cubic yard, it is important to understand how to calculate the volume of a cubic yard. The formula for calculating volume is V = l * w * h, where V represents volume, l represents length, w represents width, and h represents height.
B. Explanation of the dimensions used in the formula
When applying the formula to calculate the volume of a cubic yard, the dimensions differ from those of a 5-gallon bucket. In the case of a cubic yard, the length, width, and height are all measured in yards.
A yard is equivalent to 3 feet or 36 inches. Therefore, when converting the dimensions of a cubic yard to feet, the length, width, and height are multiplied by 3. This ensures that all measurements are in the same unit.
C. Step-by-step calculation example
To provide a clear understanding of how to calculate the volume of a cubic yard, let’s consider an example. Suppose we have a space with the following dimensions: length = 3 yards, width = 2 yards, and height = 1 yard.
Using the formula V = l * w * h, we can substitute the given measurements into the equation: V = 3 yards * 2 yards * 1 yard.
Simplifying the equation, we have V = 6 cubic yards.
Therefore, in this example, the volume of the given space is 6 cubic yards.
By understanding and correctly applying the formula for calculating the volume of a cubic yard, you will be able to accurately determine the amount of material required for a project. This knowledge is essential to estimate material quantities and costs effectively.
It is important to note that variations in the dimensions used for calculating cubic yards may impact the accuracy of the estimation. However, by using consistent measurements and accounting for any variations, you can achieve a reliable estimate for your project needs.
Determining the Number of Buckets in a Cubic Yard
After understanding the measurements and calculating the volumes of both a 5-gallon bucket and a cubic yard, the next step is to determine how many buckets are in a cubic yard. This information is crucial for estimating material requirements and planning construction or landscaping projects effectively.
Dividing the volume of a cubic yard by the volume of a 5-gallon bucket
To determine the number of buckets in a cubic yard, we need to divide the volume of a cubic yard by the volume of a 5-gallon bucket. The volume of a 5-gallon bucket is calculated using the formula discussed in section III.
Let’s assume that the volume of a cubic yard is 27 cubic feet, which is the standard measurement for a cubic yard. The volume of a 5-gallon bucket is 0.98 cubic feet, as calculated in section IBy dividing 27 cubic feet by 0.98 cubic feet, we can find out how many buckets fit into a cubic yard.
Rounding up or down to the nearest whole number
Once we have the result of the division, it is important to round up or down to the nearest whole number. Since we cannot have a fraction of a bucket, rounding ensures that we have a practical and accurate estimate of the number of buckets in a cubic yard.
Step-by-step calculation example
Let’s go through a step-by-step calculation example to illustrate the process of determining the number of buckets in a cubic yard.
1. Given that the volume of a cubic yard is 27 cubic feet.
2. From section III, we know that the volume of a 5-gallon bucket is 0.98 cubic feet.
3. Divide 27 cubic feet by 0.98 cubic feet: 27 / 0.98 = 27.55 (approx).
4. Round 27.55 to the nearest whole number: 28.
Therefore, there are approximately 28 5-gallon buckets in a cubic yard.
It is important to note that the exact number of buckets may vary depending on the specific dimensions of the buckets and the accuracy of the measurements. Variations in bucket dimensions can have a small impact on the final calculation, so it is always advisable to account for a margin of error.
Understanding the number of buckets in a cubic yard provides valuable insights for estimating material requirements accurately. This knowledge allows construction and landscaping professionals to plan projects efficiently and avoid unnecessary wastage of materials. By following the step-by-step calculation example provided in this guide, individuals can easily determine the number of buckets needed for their specific projects.
Factors that Affect Accuracy
A. Variations in bucket dimensions
When calculating the number of 5-gallon buckets in a cubic yard, it is important to consider that not all buckets are exactly the same size. While a standard 5-gallon bucket has a capacity of 5 gallons or approximately 18.93 liters, the actual dimensions can vary slightly. Some buckets may have a wider opening or be taller than others, which can affect their volume.
To ensure accurate calculations, it is recommended to measure the dimensions of the buckets you are using. Take into account the diameter of the opening and the height of the bucket. Use these measurements when substituting values into the volume formula (V = π * r^2 * h) during the calculation process.
B. Variations in cubic yard measurements
Similarly, there can be variations in the measurements of a cubic yard. While a cubic yard is generally defined as a unit of volume that is 3 feet long, 3 feet wide, and 3 feet tall, there may be slight variations in the actual measurements. This can happen due to factors such as uneven ground, irregularly shaped areas, or measurement errors.
To ensure accurate calculations, it is recommended to measure the dimensions of the area or volume you are working with. Use a tape measure or other measuring tools to determine the length, width, and height of the space. Use these measurements when substituting values into the volume formula (V = l * w * h) during the calculation process.
Considering the variations in both bucket dimensions and cubic yard measurements, it is important to understand that the calculated number of buckets in a cubic yard is an estimation. The actual number of buckets required may differ slightly depending on these factors. However, by using standardized measurements and consistently applying the formulas, you can achieve a reasonably accurate estimate.
Taking these factors into account can help avoid overestimating or underestimating the number of buckets needed for a particular project. It is always a good idea to have some extra buckets on hand to account for any variations and ensure that you have enough to complete the task efficiently.
By understanding and accounting for these variations, you can ensure a more accurate estimation of the number of 5-gallon buckets in a cubic yard, ultimately helping you plan and execute your projects more effectively.
Common Uses of 5-Gallon Buckets in Construction and Landscaping
A. Overview of how 5-gallon buckets are frequently used on job sites
5-gallon buckets are versatile and indispensable tools commonly used in construction and landscaping projects. Their sturdy construction and convenient size make them ideal for a wide range of tasks. From mixing and carrying materials to storing tools and equipment, these buckets are a staple on job sites.
B. Examples of construction and landscaping tasks where buckets come in handy
1. Mixing Concrete: Whether it’s a small DIY project or a large-scale construction job, 5-gallon buckets are often used for mixing concrete. The bucket’s capacity allows for the right ratio of cement, sand, and water to be easily combined to create the desired consistency.
2. Transporting Materials: Heavy materials such as gravel, sand, and soil can be quite challenging to move from one place to another. 5-gallon buckets provide a convenient solution for transporting these materials, allowing workers to carry manageable amounts in a single trip.
3. Collecting Debris: During landscaping projects, there is often a need to collect and dispose of debris, such as weeds, branches, and rocks. 5-gallon buckets make this task more efficient by providing a portable and easily emptied container for debris collection.
4. Storing Tools: Construction and landscaping sites often require a variety of tools, and keeping them organized and easily accessible is essential. 5-gallon buckets serve as practical tool storage containers, capable of accommodating various hand tools and accessories.
5. Mixing and Applying Paint: Painting tasks in both construction and landscaping can benefit from the use of 5-gallon buckets. These buckets allow for thorough mixing of paint and provide a container that is easy to dip brushes or rollers into for application.
6. Watering Plants: In landscaping projects, watering plants efficiently is crucial. 5-gallon buckets can be repurposed as watering cans, allowing for the controlled distribution of water to individual plants or areas.
7. Creating DIY Tools: 5-gallon buckets can also be transformed into useful DIY tools. They can be turned into portable seats, tool organizers, or even makeshift pond filters for certain water features.
In conclusion, 5-gallon buckets are incredibly versatile and find a multitude of applications in both construction and landscaping projects. Their ability to simplify tasks, transport materials, and store equipment make them an essential tool on job sites. Understanding the volume of these buckets in relation to a cubic yard can greatly aid in estimating material requirements and organizing project logistics.
VIEstimating Materials Needed for a Project
A. Using the bucket-to-cubic yard ratio to estimate material requirements
Understanding the relationship between 5-gallon buckets and cubic yards can be extremely useful when estimating materials needed for a project. By knowing how many buckets are in a cubic yard, you can accurately calculate the quantity of materials required, saving time and preventing unnecessary expenses.
To estimate the materials needed for a project, you can use the bucket-to-cubic yard ratio. This ratio allows you to determine how many buckets are required for a specific volume of material.
B. Illustrations and examples for different materials (e.g., gravel, soil)
The bucket-to-cubic yard ratio can vary depending on the material being used. Different materials have different densities, resulting in varying volumes per cubic yard.
For example, when estimating the amount of gravel needed for a project, the bucket-to-cubic yard ratio may be different than when estimating soil. Gravel is typically denser than soil, meaning fewer buckets are needed to fill a cubic yard.
To illustrate this, let’s consider an example. Suppose you are planning to fill an area with gravel and need to determine how many buckets of gravel will be required for the project. If the bucket-to-cubic yard ratio for gravel is 10 buckets per cubic yard, and you calculate that you need 5 cubic yards of gravel, you can multiply the ratio by the number of cubic yards needed. In this case, you would require 50 buckets (10 buckets per cubic yard * 5 cubic yards) of gravel for the project.
Similarly, for estimating soil requirements, you would use a different bucket-to-cubic yard ratio. Suppose the ratio for soil is 8 buckets per cubic yard, and you need 3 cubic yards of soil. Using the same method, you would calculate that you need 24 buckets (8 buckets per cubic yard * 3 cubic yards) of soil.
By understanding the bucket-to-cubic yard ratio for different materials, you can accurately estimate the number of buckets needed for your project and avoid wasting materials or falling short.
In conclusion, knowing how many 5-gallon buckets are in a cubic yard is crucial for estimating material requirements accurately. By using the bucket-to-cubic yard ratio, you can efficiently plan your projects, saving time and money.
Tips for Efficient Use of 5-Gallon Buckets
A. Stacking and organizing buckets to save space
Efficient use of 5-gallon buckets involves maximizing space and ensuring easy access to the buckets when needed. One way to achieve this is by stacking and organizing the buckets properly.
When stacking buckets, it is important to ensure that they are stable and won’t topple over. Start by placing a flat and sturdy base, such as a pallet or a solid surface, on the ground. Stack the buckets vertically, ensuring that they are aligned properly and not leaning to one side. It is advisable to stack buckets in columns instead of pyramid-like arrangements to prevent instability.
To save space, consider using bucket lids as additional bases for stacking. Place a lid on top of a stack of buckets and continue stacking from there. This allows for stability while also providing a flat surface for additional stacks.
Labeling the buckets can also aid in organization. You can use labels or color-coding to identify the contents or purpose of each bucket. This makes it easier to find specific materials or tools when needed, saving time and effort.
B. Techniques for carrying and pouring using buckets
Carrying and pouring using 5-gallon buckets can be made more efficient by employing proper techniques.
When carrying a bucket filled with heavy materials, such as gravel or soil, it is essential to lift with your legs and not your back. Bend your knees and keep your back straight while gripping the bucket’s handle firmly. This distributes the weight and reduces strain on your back. If the bucket feels too heavy to carry, consider using a two-bucket technique. Hold a bucket in each hand, balancing the weight evenly.
To pour from a bucket, it is important to have control over the flow. Tilt the bucket slightly to start pouring slowly, and adjust the angle as needed. To prevent spills or splashing, pour in a controlled manner, and avoid sudden or jerky movements.
C. Safety precautions when working with buckets
Working with 5-gallon buckets requires some safety precautions to prevent accidents and injuries.
Always ensure that the buckets are in good condition, without any cracks or damage. Damaged buckets can compromise their structural integrity and lead to accidents. Replace any buckets that show signs of wear and tear.
When using buckets for carrying heavy materials, be aware of your surroundings and ensure clear pathways to prevent tripping or stumbling. Take breaks if needed, and avoid overexerting yourself, especially when handling multiple buckets or heavy loads.
When pouring hazardous or toxic substances, make sure to wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, goggles, or masks. Follow any safety guidelines or protocols specific to the substances being handled.
In conclusion, efficient use of 5-gallon buckets involves stacking and organizing them to save space, employing proper techniques for carrying and pouring, and following safety precautions. By implementing these tips, you can optimize your use of 5-gallon buckets and make your construction or landscaping tasks more efficient and manageable.
Alternatives to Using 5-Gallon Buckets
A. Other common containers with similar capacities
When it comes to projects requiring the measurement of a cubic yard, using 5-gallon buckets may not always be the most convenient option. Thankfully, there are several alternative containers available that can accommodate similar capacities.
One common alternative to 5-gallon buckets is the 55-gallon drum. These large containers are frequently used in industrial settings and are known for their durability. Although they may be larger and more cumbersome to handle, a 55-gallon drum can hold approximately 11 cubic feet of material, making it a suitable replacement for multiple 5-gallon buckets.
Another alternative container is the 1-cubic yard bulk bag. These bags are made of sturdy woven polypropylene material and can hold up to a full cubic yard of material. They often feature lifting loops and are ideal for transporting and storing large quantities of material, such as soil, gravel, or debris.
B. Factors to consider when choosing alternative containers
When deciding which alternative container to use instead of 5-gallon buckets, it is important to consider a few factors. First, consider the weight of the material you will be handling. While a 55-gallon drum may be suitable for heavy materials, such as gravel or concrete, it may be too cumbersome for lightweight materials like mulch or sawdust. In these cases, a bulk bag may be a more practical choice.
Additionally, consider the dimensions and shape of the alternative container. Will it fit through doorways or other narrow passages? Will it stack neatly for efficient storage? These practical considerations will help determine which alternative container is most suitable for your specific project and workspace.
In some cases, it may be beneficial to use a combination of different containers. For example, if you need to transport a large volume of material but also require the convenience of smaller portions, using a mix of 55-gallon drums and 5-gallon buckets could be a practical solution.
By considering these factors, you can choose the most appropriate alternative container for your specific needs, ensuring efficiency and convenience in your projects.
In conclusion, while 5-gallon buckets are a popular choice for measuring material volume, they are not the only option available. Depending on your project’s requirements, alternative containers such as 55-gallon drums or 1-cubic yard bulk bags can offer similar capacities and may be more suited to your needs. Consider factors such as weight, dimensions, and practicality when choosing the right alternative container for your project.
Conversion Tables for Different Sizes of Buckets
Knowing how many 5-gallon buckets are in a cubic yard is essential for anyone involved in construction or landscaping projects. However, it is also important to have a comprehensive understanding of various bucket sizes and their corresponding volumes. This section provides a conversion table that displays the volumes of different bucket sizes and includes conversion factors for each size to cubic yards.
A. Conversion Table for Bucket Sizes and Volumes
The conversion table below showcases common bucket sizes along with their volumes in gallons and cubic feet:
| Bucket Size | Volume (Gallons) | Volume (Cubic Feet) |
|————-|—————–|———————|
| 1-gallon | 1 | 0.13 |
| 2-gallon | 3 | 0.38 |
| 3-gallon | 4 | 0.50 |
| 4-gallon | 5 | 0.63 |
| 5-gallon | 5 | 0.67 |
| 6-gallon | 6 | 0.75 |
| 10-gallon | 10 | 1.33 |
| 15-gallon | 15 | 2.00 |
| 20-gallon | 20 | 2.67 |
| 50-gallon | 50 | 6.67 |
B. Conversion Factors for Bucket Sizes to Cubic Yards
To determine the number of buckets in a cubic yard, you need to convert the bucket volume to cubic yards. The conversion factors for different bucket sizes are as follows:
| Bucket Size | Conversion Factor to Cubic Yards |
|————-|———————————|
| 1-gallon | 0.000185 |
| 2-gallon | 0.000556 |
| 3-gallon | 0.000741 |
| 4-gallon | 0.000926 |
| 5-gallon | 0.001851 |
| 6-gallon | 0.002222 |
| 10-gallon | 0.003704 |
| 15-gallon | 0.005556 |
| 20-gallon | 0.007407 |
| 50-gallon | 0.018519 |
By multiplying the conversion factor with the number of buckets, you can easily obtain the volume in cubic yards.
This conversion table and the corresponding conversion factors provide a quick reference for estimating the volume of a certain number of buckets in cubic yards. It allows construction and landscaping professionals to accurately plan and budget their materials for a project.
It is important to note that the provided conversion factors assume standard dimensions for each bucket size. However, it is always recommended to double-check the actual dimensions of your specific buckets to ensure accurate calculations.
Understanding the conversion ratios and having access to information on different bucket sizes empower professionals to make efficient decisions when it comes to material estimation and ensure successful project completion within budget and time constraints.
FAQs about 5-Gallon Buckets and Cubic Yards
A. Common questions and answers related to the topic
Have you ever wondered how many 5-gallon buckets are in a cubic yard? In this section, we will address some frequently asked questions about 5-gallon buckets and cubic yards to help you better understand this topic.
Q: What is the volume of a standard 5-gallon bucket?
A: A standard 5-gallon bucket has a volume of approximately 0.67 cubic feet or 0.02 cubic yards.
Q: How much does a 5-gallon bucket of material weigh?
A: The weight of a 5-gallon bucket filled with material can vary depending on the material itself. For example, a bucket filled with water weighs around 41 pounds, while a bucket filled with sand weighs approximately 114 pounds.
Q: Can I use any 5-gallon bucket for my calculations?
A: It is important to note that the dimensions of buckets can vary slightly, especially if they are not standard industrial-grade buckets. For accurate calculations, it is best to use buckets with consistent dimensions.
Q: How many 5-gallon buckets are in a cubic yard?
A: To determine the number of 5-gallon buckets in a cubic yard, you divide the volume of a cubic yard by the volume of a 5-gallon bucket. Since a cubic yard is equal to 201.97 gallons, you can estimate that there are approximately 40.39 5-gallon buckets in a cubic yard.
Q: How accurate are these calculations?
A: The accuracy of these calculations depends on the accuracy of the measurements and the consistency of the bucket dimensions. Variations in bucket dimensions and cubic yard measurements can affect the accuracy of the calculations.
Q: Are 5-gallon buckets the only containers that can be used in construction and landscaping?
A: No, there are other containers with similar capacities that can be used as alternatives to 5-gallon buckets. Some common alternatives include 7-gallon buckets, wheelbarrows, and 55-gallon drums.
Q: Are there different sizes of 5-gallon buckets?
A: While the term “5-gallon” refers to the capacity of the bucket, the actual dimensions can slightly vary. It is always recommended to check the dimensions and volume of the specific bucket you are using for accurate calculations.
By addressing these commonly asked questions, we hope to have provided you with a clearer understanding of 5-gallon buckets and cubic yards. It is essential to have this knowledge for accurate material estimation and efficient use of containers in construction and landscaping projects.
Resources and Additional Information
A. List of recommended resources for further exploration of the topic
If you’re interested in learning more about the topic of how many 5-gallon buckets are in a cubic yard, here are some recommended resources that can provide further information:
1. “Bucket Capacity Chart” – This comprehensive chart lists various sizes of buckets and their corresponding capacities in gallons. It can serve as a handy reference when estimating how many buckets are needed for a specific project. Available at [insert link to resource].
2. “Understanding Cubic Yards in Construction” – This article delves deeper into the concept of cubic yards and provides a clear explanation of how they are used in construction projects. It also discusses different methods of calculating cubic yards accurately. Accessible at [insert link to resource].
3. “The Many Uses of 5-Gallon Buckets in Landscaping” – If you’re interested in exploring the wide range of applications for 5-gallon buckets in landscaping tasks, this resource is a must-read. It provides an extensive list of creative uses for buckets and offers helpful tips for optimizing their functionality. Visit [insert link to resource] to learn more.
B. References to related articles or guides
To further enhance your understanding of 5-gallon buckets and how they relate to cubic yards, here are some related articles and guides that you may find useful:
1. “Choosing the Right Container for Your Project” – This guide offers an in-depth analysis of alternative containers with capacities similar to 5-gallon buckets. It explains the factors to consider when selecting the most suitable container for your specific needs. Link to the guide: [insert link to resource].
2. “Maximizing Efficiency on the Job Site with 5-Gallon Buckets” – This article provides practical tips and techniques for maximizing the efficiency of 5-gallon buckets on construction and landscaping job sites. It covers topics such as organizing buckets, carrying and pouring techniques, and safety precautions. Access the article at [insert link to resource].
3. “Estimating Material Requirements for Your Project” – If you want to learn more about estimating the amount of materials needed for your construction or landscaping project using the bucket-to-cubic yard ratio, this guide is a valuable resource. It includes illustrations and examples for different types of materials, such as gravel and soil. Link to the guide: [insert link to resource].
By exploring these resources and references, you can deepen your knowledge of the topic and gain practical insights into the use of 5-gallon buckets and their relationship to cubic yards.