Scampi sauce is a beloved and versatile condiment that can elevate any seafood dish to new heights. Its delicate blend of flavors, with hints of garlic, lemon, and white wine, perfectly complements the natural taste of shrimp or prawns. However, sometimes you may find yourself wishing for a thicker and creamier texture to enhance the overall enjoyment of this delectable sauce.
In this simple guide, we will share with you some tried and tested techniques to thicken scampi sauce and create a rich and creamy delight that will tantalize your taste buds. With these easy-to-follow tips, you’ll be able to transform your scampi sauce from a thin and runny consistency to a velvety masterpiece, perfect for dipping, drizzling, or coating your favorite seafood dishes. So, let’s dive in and discover the secrets to achieving a luscious and thickened scampi sauce that will leave you craving for more.
Understanding Scampi Sauce
A. Definition and origin of scampi sauce
Scampi sauce is a classic Italian sauce that is traditionally served with seafood dishes, particularly shrimp or prawns. The term “scampi” originally referred to a type of small lobster found in the Mediterranean Sea, but over time it has come to encompass the preparation of shrimp or prawns in a garlic butter sauce. The sauce is known for its rich, buttery flavor and is often enhanced with additional ingredients such as lemon juice, white wine, and fresh herbs.
B. Basic ingredients of scampi sauce
The basic ingredients of scampi sauce include butter, garlic, and lemon juice. These three elements form the foundational flavor profile of the sauce. Butter provides richness and a smooth mouthfeel, garlic adds a savory note, and lemon juice adds brightness and acidity. Additional ingredients such as white wine, parsley, and red pepper flakes are often used to elevate the flavor and add complexity.
The sauce is relatively simple to make, typically involving melting butter in a pan and sautéing minced garlic until fragrant. Lemon juice is then added to brighten the sauce, and the mixture is simmered briefly to allow the flavors to meld together. The resulting sauce is typically served over pasta or as a dipping sauce for seafood.
Overall, scampi sauce is a versatile and flavorful addition to any seafood dish. Its simplicity allows for easy customization and adaptation, making it a popular choice for home cooks and professional chefs alike. In the next section, we will explore the reasons why thickening scampi sauce can enhance its texture and taste.
IReasons for Thickening Scampi Sauce
A. Enhanced texture and mouthfeel
Thickening scampi sauce is essential to create a luxurious and indulgent texture that coats your palate with every bite. A thin sauce can feel watery and lack the satisfying richness that makes scampi sauce so delicious. By thickening the sauce, you elevate its mouthfeel, making it more satisfying to eat and creating a more luxurious dining experience.
B. Improved adherence to pasta or other dishes
Another important reason for thickening scampi sauce is to ensure it adheres properly to pasta or any other dish it accompanies. A thin sauce can easily slide off the pasta or other ingredients, resulting in a less cohesive and enjoyable dish. By thickening the sauce, you ensure that it clings to the pasta or other ingredients, allowing every bite to be infused with its flavorful goodness.
To achieve these benefits, it’s crucial to employ the right techniques and ingredients when thickening scampi sauce. Here are some recommended methods:
Firstly, incorporating a roux into the sauce can work wonders. A roux is a mixture of flour and fat (usually butter) that acts as a thickening agent. It adds depth and richness to the sauce while providing a smooth and velvety texture. Creating a roux involves melting butter, stirring in flour, and cooking until the mixture forms a thick paste. This paste is then gradually added to the scampi sauce, allowing it to thicken and develop a luscious consistency.
Secondly, the reduction method can be employed to thicken scampi sauce. By simmering the sauce over low heat, the liquid evaporates and concentrates, resulting in a thicker sauce. This method intensifies the flavors as well, creating a more robust taste.
Lastly, the addition of cream or dairy products can contribute to both thickness and creaminess. Cream can be incorporated gradually into the sauce, allowing it to thicken naturally while imparting a rich and velvety texture. When using dairy, it’s important to balance the flavors appropriately, ensuring that the sauce does not become overly heavy or overpowering.
These are just a few methods for thickening scampi sauce, but the possibilities are endless. Experimentation is key in finding your personal preference, so don’t be afraid to try different techniques and ingredients. By exploring the various methods and tips provided in this article, you can elevate your scampi sauce to a whole new level of richness and delight.
ICommon Mistakes in Thickening Scampi Sauce
A. Over-reliance on flour or cornstarch
When it comes to thickening scampi sauce, many people tend to rely too heavily on flour or cornstarch. While these traditional thickeners can work well in certain recipes, they may not be the best choice for scampi sauce.
Using too much flour or cornstarch can result in a heavy, starchy taste that overpowers the delicate flavors of the sauce. Additionally, these thickeners can sometimes leave a slightly gritty texture, which can be unappealing in a creamy scampi sauce.
To avoid these pitfalls, it is recommended to use flour or cornstarch sparingly, if at all, when thickening scampi sauce. Instead, explore alternative methods that will enhance the sauce’s flavor and texture without overpowering it.
B. Excessive use of cream or butter
Another common mistake in thickening scampi sauce is the excessive use of cream or butter. While these ingredients can certainly add richness and creaminess to the sauce, using too much can lead to a heavy and greasy end result.
It is important to strike a balance between achieving a thick and creamy texture and maintaining the light and delicate nature of scampi sauce. Instead of relying solely on cream or butter, consider incorporating other ingredients and techniques to achieve the desired thickness.
For those seeking a healthier alternative or a lighter sauce, it is advisable to explore other thickening methods that do not rely heavily on high-fat ingredients.
By avoiding these common mistakes in thickening scampi sauce, you can create a sauce that is rich, creamy, and perfectly balanced in flavor and texture. Experiment with different techniques and ingredients to find your preferred method for achieving the desired consistency while maintaining the integrity of the sauce.
In the next section, we will explore the concept of incorporating a roux to thicken scampi sauce, providing step-by-step instructions for creating this flavorful thickening agent.
Incorporating Roux to Thicken Scampi Sauce
A. Explanation of a roux and its role in thickening
When it comes to thickening scampi sauce, one tried and true method is the incorporation of a roux. A roux is a mixture of equal parts fat and flour that is cooked together and used as a thickening agent in many sauces and gravies. The fat used can be butter, oil, or even the rendered fat from the dish being cooked. In the case of scampi sauce, butter is a popular choice for its rich flavor.
The role of a roux in thickening the scampi sauce is two-fold. Firstly, as the roux is cooked, the flour undergoes a chemical reaction called gelatinization, which helps to absorb and trap the liquid in the sauce, resulting in a thicker consistency. Secondly, the fat in the roux adds richness and velvety smoothness to the sauce, enhancing its overall texture and mouthfeel.
B. Step-by-step instructions for creating a roux
Creating a roux for thickening scampi sauce requires just a few simple steps. Here is a step-by-step guide:
1. Melt butter in a saucepan over medium heat until it begins to foam.
2. Gradually add an equal amount of all-purpose flour to the melted butter, stirring constantly with a whisk or wooden spoon.
3. Continue stirring the mixture for a few minutes until it forms a smooth paste-like consistency. This step ensures that the flour is fully cooked and eliminates any raw taste.
4. Adjust the heat to low and continue cooking the roux for another 5-10 minutes, stirring frequently to prevent it from burning. This additional cooking time allows the roux to develop a deeper flavor and caramelized aroma.
5. Once the roux reaches the desired color, gradually whisk in the scampi sauce liquid, whether it is broth, wine, or a combination of both. Adding the liquid slowly while whisking prevents lumps from forming and ensures a smooth incorporation.
6. Continue cooking the sauce, stirring occasionally, until it reaches the desired thickness. The roux will continue to thicken the sauce as it cooks.
Remember, the amount of roux needed to thicken the scampi sauce will depend on the desired consistency and the quantity of sauce being made. It is always better to start with a smaller amount of roux and add more gradually if needed, as it is easier to thin out an overly thickened sauce than to thicken a sauce that is too thin.
Utilizing the Reduction Method
A. Concept of reducing the sauce to thicken it
Reducing the sauce is a classic technique used in cooking to thicken and intensify flavors. When it comes to thickening scampi sauce, the reduction method can work wonders. By simmering the sauce over low heat, you gradually evaporate the liquid, resulting in a thicker consistency and a more concentrated taste.
The key to successfully reducing scampi sauce is to start with a generous amount of liquid. Whether it’s chicken broth, white wine, or a combination of both, the liquid serves as the base for your reduction. As the liquid reduces, it becomes more flavorful, creating a rich and indulgent scampi sauce.
B. Recommended cooking techniques for reduction
To reduce the scampi sauce, follow these simple steps:
1. Begin by preparing all the ingredients for the scampi sauce according to your preferred recipe.
2. In a skillet or saucepan, heat the oil or butter over medium heat.
3. Add the garlic, shallots, and any other aromatics you desire to infuse the sauce with flavor. Sauté them until they become fragrant and golden brown.
4. Pour in the liquid component of your scampi sauce, such as chicken broth or white wine. Increase the heat to medium-high.
5. Allow the sauce to come to a simmer, then reduce the heat to low. Leave the sauce to simmer gently, uncovered.
6. Stir the sauce occasionally to prevent scorching and promote even reduction. As the liquid evaporates, the sauce will gradually thicken.
7. Keep simmering the sauce until you achieve the desired thickness. Remember that the reduction process can take anywhere from 15 to 30 minutes, depending on the initial amount of liquid and the desired consistency.
8. Once the sauce has thickened to your liking, remove it from the heat and let it cool slightly before serving.
Utilizing the reduction method is a simple yet effective way to thicken scampi sauce. The gradual evaporation of liquid intensifies the flavors and creates a luscious, thick texture that clings beautifully to pasta or other dishes. Remember to be patient and adjust the reduction time according to your desired consistency. With this technique, you can elevate your scampi sauce to new levels of deliciousness.
Adding Cream or Dairy Products
A. Various options for adding creaminess to scampi sauce
When it comes to thickening scampi sauce, incorporating cream or dairy products can add a luxurious creaminess that enhances both the texture and flavor. There are several options for adding these ingredients to your sauce, depending on your preference and dietary restrictions.
One popular choice is heavy cream, which adds a rich and velvety consistency to the sauce. To incorporate heavy cream, simply pour it into the sauce after the main ingredients have simmered and cooked together. Allow the sauce to gently simmer for a few minutes, stirring occasionally to ensure the cream is fully integrated. This method works well for those who prefer a traditional, indulgent scampi sauce.
For a lighter alternative, you can use evaporated milk or half-and-half. These options still contribute to the creaminess of the sauce but have a lower fat content. They can be added in the same way as heavy cream, allowing the sauce to simmer until thickened to your desired consistency.
Another option for adding creaminess is using cream cheese or mascarpone. These ingredients bring a tangy and slightly sweet flavor to the scampi sauce. To incorporate them, simply whisk small chunks of cream cheese or mascarpone into the sauce while it simmers. Allow the cheese to melt and blend into the sauce, resulting in a lusciously creamy texture.
B. Importance of balancing flavors when using dairy
While adding cream or dairy products to scampi sauce can elevate its richness, it is important to balance the flavors to avoid overpowering the dish. The richness of the dairy can sometimes dull the bright flavors of the garlic, lemon, and seafood in the sauce.
To maintain a balanced and well-rounded flavor profile, it is recommended to adjust the quantities of other ingredients accordingly. For example, if adding a significant amount of cream, you may need to increase the amount of garlic or lemon juice to ensure their distinct flavors shine through. Taste the sauce as you go and make adjustments to achieve the desired balance.
Additionally, if you are using a strong-flavored cheese such as Parmesan, be mindful of its saltiness. Adjust the amount of salt added to the sauce to prevent it from becoming too salty.
Overall, adding cream or dairy products to scampi sauce can create a creamy and indulgent delight. By choosing the right dairy option and balancing the flavors, you can achieve a thick and luxurious sauce that complements the other components of your dish. Don’t be afraid to experiment with different creams or cheeses to discover the perfect creamy consistency for your scampi sauce.
Using Vegetable Purees as Thickeners
A. Role of vegetable purees in thickening scampi sauce
When seeking alternative methods to thicken scampi sauce, vegetable purees offer a healthy and flavorful solution. Vegetable purees are effective in adding thickness to the sauce while enhancing its taste and nutritional value. By using pureed vegetables, you can achieve a rich and creamy texture without relying on traditional thickeners such as flour or cornstarch.
B. Examples of vegetables suitable for pureeing
Several vegetables are suitable for pureeing and can be used to thicken scampi sauce. Some popular choices include carrots, zucchini, cauliflower, and butternut squash. These vegetables have a natural tendency to soften and break down when cooked, making them ideal for pureeing. Their mild flavors also complement the delicate taste of scampi sauce without overpowering it.
To use vegetable purees as thickeners, start by selecting a vegetable that pairs well with the flavors in your scampi sauce. Clean and chop the vegetable into small pieces, then cook it until tender. Once cooked, transfer the vegetable to a blender or food processor and blend until smooth. The resulting puree can be added to the scampi sauce gradually, stirring continuously to ensure even distribution.
The amount of vegetable puree needed to achieve the desired thickness will vary depending on personal preference and the quantity of sauce being prepared. Start by adding a small amount of puree, such as a few tablespoons, and gradually increase until the desired consistency is reached. Keep in mind that some vegetables may have a stronger flavor profile, so it’s important to taste and adjust accordingly to maintain a balanced flavor.
One advantage of using vegetable purees as thickeners is their ability to add both texture and nutritional value to the scampi sauce. The pureed vegetables contribute vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber, making the sauce more wholesome. Additionally, the natural colors of the vegetables can create visually appealing dishes.
In conclusion, vegetable purees provide a flavorful and healthy alternative for thickening scampi sauce. They offer a unique twist to traditional methods and allow for customization based on personal taste preferences. By incorporating vegetable purees, you can create a rich and creamy scampi sauce that is both visually appealing and satisfying to the palate.
Incorporating Bread Crumbs or Panko
Benefits of using breadcrumbs or panko to thicken
When it comes to thickening scampi sauce, incorporating bread crumbs or panko can be a simple yet effective technique. These pantry staples not only add thickness to the sauce but also provide a subtle texture and taste that can enhance the overall dish.
One of the key benefits of using breadcrumbs or panko to thicken scampi sauce is that they absorb the liquid and help bind the ingredients together. This results in a smoother and more cohesive sauce, ensuring that it clings to pasta or other dishes without becoming thin or watery.
Furthermore, breadcrumbs or panko add a slightly crunchy and satisfying texture to the sauce. As they absorb the flavors of the sauce, they soften and release their subtle taste, creating a unique mouthfeel that complements the creamy richness of scampi sauce.
Techniques to properly incorporate them into the sauce
To incorporate breadcrumbs or panko into scampi sauce for thickening purposes, follow these simple techniques:
1. Choose the right type: Opt for dried breadcrumbs or panko, as they have a finer texture compared to fresh breadcrumbs. This ensures a smoother sauce without any lumps.
2. Toast the breadcrumbs or panko: In a separate pan, toast the breadcrumbs or panko over medium heat until they turn golden brown. This step adds an additional layer of flavor and prevents them from becoming mushy when added to the sauce.
3. Gradually add and stir: Slowly sprinkle the toasted breadcrumbs or panko into the scampi sauce while stirring continuously. This prevents clumping and allows the sauce to thicken evenly. Start with a small amount and gradually increase until the desired consistency is achieved.
4. Cook and simmer: Allow the sauce to cook and simmer for a few minutes after adding the breadcrumbs or panko. This helps to fully incorporate the flavors and ensures the sauce reaches the desired thickness.
It’s important to note that the amount of breadcrumbs or panko required will vary depending on the desired thickness and the volume of the sauce. Start with a smaller quantity and adjust as needed, keeping in mind that it’s easier to add more than to thin out an overly thick sauce.
Incorporating breadcrumbs or panko is a versatile method for thickening scampi sauce. It not only enhances the texture and thickness but also adds a delightful crunch and subtle taste. Experiment with different amounts and types of breadcrumbs or panko to find the perfect balance that suits your personal preferences. Remember to enjoy the process of creating a rich and creamy scampi sauce that elevates your favorite pasta or seafood dishes.
X. Experimenting with Egg Yolks
A. How egg yolks contribute to thickness and richness
Egg yolks are a versatile and effective ingredient for thickening scampi sauce while adding richness to its flavor profile. The natural emulsifying properties of egg yolks help to bind the ingredients together, resulting in a thicker sauce. Additionally, egg yolks contribute to the overall creaminess and smooth texture of the sauce.
When egg yolks are cooked gently, they create a velvety texture that enhances the mouthfeel of the scampi sauce. Their high fat content provides a luscious and indulgent quality, making the sauce more satisfying.
B. Guidelines for adding egg yolks to scampi sauce
To incorporate egg yolks into scampi sauce, follow these guidelines:
1. Temper the egg yolks: Before adding the yolks to the hot sauce, it’s important to temper them to avoid curdling. Gradually add a small amount of the hot sauce to the beaten yolks while whisking continuously.
2. Slowly incorporate the tempered yolks: After tempering, slowly pour the yolks into the sauce while whisking constantly. This gradual addition ensures proper integration and avoids the risk of curdling.
3. Cook gently: Once the yolks are added, cook the sauce gently over low heat. Avoid high heat, as it can cause the egg yolks to curdle. Stir constantly to prevent the sauce from sticking to the bottom of the pan.
4. Do not overcook: Overcooking the sauce once the egg yolks are added can result in the sauce becoming too thick or potentially scrambling the eggs. Remove the sauce from the heat as soon as it reaches the desired consistency.
5. Adjust seasoning: Taste the sauce after adding the egg yolks, as they can slightly mellow the flavors. Adjust the seasonings, such as salt, pepper, or lemon juice, to balance the taste of the sauce.
Experimenting with the addition of egg yolks in scampi sauce offers a classic and satisfying thickening method. The yolks provide a luxurious texture and enhance the richness of the sauce, making it a delightful option for those seeking a creamy and indulgent scampi experience.
Enhancing Thickness with Parmesan Cheese
A. The impact of Parmesan cheese on viscosity
Parmesan cheese is not only a popular ingredient in scampi sauce for its rich and savory flavor, but it also has the ability to enhance the thickness and viscosity of the sauce. When Parmesan cheese is added to scampi sauce, its proteins bind with the liquid, creating a creamy and luscious texture that coats the pasta or any other dish it is served with.
The addition of Parmesan cheese adds a unique depth of flavor while also contributing to the richness and thickness of the sauce. Its slightly nutty and salty taste complements the delicate flavors of scampi sauce, creating a well-balanced and satisfying dish.
B. Suggested quantities and cooking techniques
To achieve the desired thickness with Parmesan cheese, it is important to use the right quantities and follow proper cooking techniques. Here are some suggestions:
1. Grated Parmesan Cheese: Start by adding a small amount of grated Parmesan cheese to the scampi sauce and stir well. Gradually increase the quantity until the desired thickness is achieved. Remember to taste the sauce along the way to ensure the flavors are balanced.
2. Freshly Shredded Parmesan Cheese: Substitute grated Parmesan cheese with freshly shredded Parmesan for a more intense flavor. The texture of freshly shredded Parmesan will melt smoothly into the sauce, further contributing to its thickness.
3. Cooking Techniques: When incorporating Parmesan cheese into the scampi sauce, add it gradually and stir continuously to prevent clumping. This will ensure a smooth and velvety texture throughout the sauce.
It is important to note that Parmesan cheese is a salty ingredient, so adjustments to the seasoning may be necessary. Taste the sauce before adding additional salt to avoid over-seasoning.
Experimenting with the amount of Parmesan cheese in the scampi sauce will allow you to find the perfect balance between thickness and flavor. The goal is to achieve a rich and creamy delight that complements the scampi flavors without overpowering them.
By incorporating Parmesan cheese into the scampi sauce, you can create a truly indulgent and satisfying dish. Its ability to enhance thickness, flavor, and texture makes Parmesan cheese a valuable ingredient in any scampi sauce recipe. So go ahead, add some extra Parmesan to your next batch of scampi sauce and enjoy the decadent results!
Utilizing Xanthan Gum or Agar-Agar
A. Overview of alternative thickeners and their benefits
In the quest for a rich and creamy scampi sauce, some cooks may opt for alternative thickeners instead of traditional methods. Two popular choices in this regard are xanthan gum and agar-agar. These ingredients offer several benefits when it comes to thickening scampi sauce.
Xanthan gum is a natural polysaccharide derived from bacteria and is commonly used as a thickening agent in gluten-free baking and cooking. It is highly effective in small quantities and provides a smooth texture to sauces without altering the flavor. Xanthan gum is also stable in a wide range of temperatures and pH levels, making it a versatile option for thickening scampi sauce.
On the other hand, agar-agar is a gelatinous substance derived from seaweed. It is often used as a vegan-friendly alternative to gelatin and can be a useful thickener in scampi sauce. Agar-agar sets quickly and maintains its thickness even when exposed to heat, making it suitable for hot scampi dishes. It also has a neutral taste, ensuring minimal impact on the overall flavor profile of the sauce.
B. Recommended quantities and instructions for usage
When using xanthan gum to thicken scampi sauce, it is important to exercise caution because a little goes a long way. Start by whisking a small amount, such as 1/4 teaspoon, of xanthan gum into a cold liquid or oil before incorporating it into the sauce. It is crucial to sprinkle the xanthan gum gradually while whisking vigorously to avoid clumping. Allow the sauce to sit for a few minutes to fully thicken before adjusting the consistency to your liking.
For agar-agar, the process involves dissolving the flakes or powder in water or any other liquid called for in the recipe. The ratio typically recommended is 2 teaspoons of agar-agar flakes or 1 teaspoon of agar-agar powder per cup of liquid. Heat the mixture until the agar-agar fully dissolves, and then incorporate it into the scampi sauce. Allow the sauce to cool and set for a few minutes before serving. If the sauce becomes too thick, reheating it gently can help loosen the consistency.
It is important to note that xanthan gum and agar-agar have different thickening properties, so adjustments may be necessary depending on personal preference. Additionally, both ingredients can be found in specialty stores or online, ensuring easy accessibility for those eager to experiment with alternative thickeners.
By exploring the potential of xanthan gum or agar-agar as thickeners, cooks can add new dimensions to their scampi sauce recipes. These alternative options offer convenience, versatility, and the ability to achieve a luscious, thick texture that enhances any scampi dish.
Conclusion
A Recap of Various Methods for Thickening Scampi Sauce
In conclusion, there are numerous methods to thicken scampi sauce, each with its own unique benefits and considerations. Understanding the importance of a thick and creamy scampi sauce, as well as the basic ingredients and common mistakes to avoid, is crucial in achieving the desired texture and mouthfeel.
One popular technique discussed in this article is incorporating a roux. A roux, made by cooking equal parts flour and fat, not only adds thickness but also enhances the flavor profile of the sauce. By following step-by-step instructions for creating a roux, individuals can achieve a rich and creamy scampi sauce.
Another method explored is the reduction method. This involves simmering the sauce to reduce its volume and intensify its flavors. By carefully monitoring the cooking techniques and using a suitable pot size, individuals can effectively thicken their scampi sauce while maintaining its desired consistency.
Adding cream or dairy products is another option for achieving a thick and creamy scampi sauce. It is essential to balance flavors when using dairy, ensuring it complements the other ingredients without overpowering them.
For those seeking a healthier alternative, incorporating vegetable purees can be an excellent choice. Vegetable purees not only provide thickness but also add nutritional value and enhance the overall taste of the sauce. Examples of vegetables suitable for pureeing include carrots, cauliflower, and butternut squash.
Individuals can also experiment with using bread crumbs or panko to thicken their scampi sauce. These ingredients not only contribute to thickness but also add a pleasing texture to the dish. Techniques for properly incorporating them into the sauce include gradually adding them while stirring continuously.
Egg yolks can contribute to both thickness and richness in scampi sauce. However, it is important to follow guidelines for adding egg yolks to ensure they are properly incorporated without curdling or overpowering the sauce.
Parmesan cheese can be used to enhance the thickness of scampi sauce while adding a unique flavor profile. The suggested quantities and cooking techniques for incorporating Parmesan cheese depend on personal preferences and desired consistency.
For individuals looking for alternative thickeners, xanthan gum or agar-agar can be utilized. These thickeners provide a gluten-free option and can be used in smaller quantities compared to other methods. However, it is important to carefully follow recommended quantities and usage instructions to avoid altering the taste or texture of the sauce.
Encouragement to Experiment and Find Personal Preferences
In conclusion, thicken scampi sauce is not a one-size-fits-all process. The article has presented a variety of methods, emphasizing the need to understand the basics, avoid common mistakes, and experiment with different approaches. By attempting various techniques, individuals can discover their preferred method for achieving a rich and creamy scampi sauce. Remember to adjust the consistency without altering the flavor and to be mindful of the desired outcome. So, get into the kitchen, follow the steps, and indulge in the delight of a thick and creamy scampi sauce that perfectly complements your favorite pasta or dishes.