When you need power in your yard, garden, or other outdoor spaces, extension cords often seem like the most convenient solution. However, simply running an extension cord across your lawn or garden poses significant safety risks. Tripping hazards, weather damage, and potential electrical shocks are all serious concerns. The solution? Burying your extension cord. But before you grab a shovel, it’s crucial to understand the right way to bury an extension cord safely and effectively. This comprehensive guide will walk you through every step of the process, ensuring a safe and long-lasting outdoor power solution.
Understanding the Risks of Unburied Extension Cords
Leaving extension cords exposed to the elements and foot traffic can lead to a multitude of problems. Consider the potential dangers:
- Tripping Hazards: Unburied cords are a major tripping hazard for family members, guests, and even pets. A fall could result in serious injuries.
- Weather Damage: Rain, snow, and sunlight can degrade the insulation of ordinary extension cords, leading to shorts, shocks, and even fires.
- Lawn Mower Damage: Accidentally running a lawn mower over an exposed extension cord can cause severe damage to both the mower and the cord, potentially resulting in electric shock.
- Animal Damage: Rodents and other animals may chew on exposed cords, causing damage and creating a fire hazard.
- Electrical Shock: Damaged cords expose live wires, increasing the risk of electric shock, especially in wet conditions.
Choosing the Right Type of Extension Cord for Burial
Not all extension cords are created equal, and using the wrong type can be dangerous when burying them. The key is to select a cord specifically designed for underground use. These cords are built to withstand the harsh conditions present beneath the soil.
- Direct Burial Extension Cords: These cords are specifically designed for underground installation. They feature heavy-duty insulation that is resistant to moisture, chemicals, and abrasion. Look for cords that are marked “Direct Burial” or “Underground Use.” Always opt for a UL-listed cord, ensuring it has been tested and certified for safety.
- UF-Rated Cable: While technically not an extension cord, UF-rated (Underground Feeder) cable is a type of electrical wiring approved for direct burial. If you need a permanent underground power solution, consider using UF cable instead of a standard extension cord. This requires connecting it to your home’s electrical system by a qualified electrician. This is a more permanent and safe method.
- Avoid Standard Extension Cords: Never bury standard indoor/outdoor extension cords. These cords are not designed to withstand the moisture and abrasion of underground environments and can quickly deteriorate, creating a significant safety hazard.
Planning Your Burial Project
Before you start digging, careful planning is essential. Consider the following factors:
- Route Planning: Map out the route your extension cord will take. Choose the shortest and most direct path possible, avoiding areas prone to standing water or heavy foot traffic. Consider obstacles like trees, shrubs, and underground utilities.
- Trench Depth: The National Electrical Code (NEC) specifies minimum burial depths for electrical cables. While these codes primarily apply to permanent wiring, it’s wise to follow similar guidelines for buried extension cords. A depth of at least 6 inches is generally recommended, but check local codes for any specific requirements. For UF cable, a depth of 12-18 inches is generally required.
- Permits and Regulations: Check with your local authorities to see if any permits are required for burying electrical cables on your property. Some municipalities may have specific regulations regarding burial depth, cable type, and inspection requirements.
- Safety First: Always call your local utility company before digging to locate any underground utilities, such as gas lines, water pipes, and electrical cables. Hitting a utility line can be extremely dangerous and costly. Dial 811, the national “Call Before You Dig” number.
Gathering the Necessary Tools and Materials
Having the right tools and materials on hand will make the job much easier and safer. Here’s a list of essentials:
- Direct Burial Extension Cord or UF Cable: Choose the appropriate cord or cable based on your needs and local regulations.
- Shovel or Trenching Tool: A shovel is suitable for short trenches, while a trenching tool or a powered trencher can speed up the process for longer runs.
- Safety Glasses: Protect your eyes from flying debris.
- Work Gloves: Protect your hands from blisters and cuts.
- Voltage Tester: To ensure the power is off before working with any electrical connections.
- PVC Conduit (Optional but Recommended): Provides extra protection for the extension cord or cable.
- Waterproof Connectors: For connecting the extension cord to power sources and devices.
- Duct Tape or Electrical Tape: For securing connections and protecting against moisture.
- Sand or Gravel: To cushion the cord or cable in the trench.
- Warning Tape: To bury above the cord or cable to warn future diggers.
- Measuring Tape: To ensure accurate trench depth and cable length.
- GFCI Outlet: Essential for any outdoor electrical circuit to protect against ground faults.
Step-by-Step Guide to Burying Your Extension Cord
Now that you’ve planned your project and gathered your materials, it’s time to get to work. Follow these steps carefully to ensure a safe and effective installation.
Step 1: Dig the Trench
Carefully dig a trench along your planned route, ensuring it is deep enough to meet the recommended burial depth. Make sure the trench is wide enough to accommodate the extension cord or cable and any additional protective measures, such as PVC conduit. A narrow trench, even if deep enough, might make it difficult to lay the cable properly.
Step 2: Install PVC Conduit (Optional but Recommended)
If you choose to use PVC conduit, lay it along the bottom of the trench. This will provide an extra layer of protection for the extension cord or cable, shielding it from physical damage and moisture. PVC conduit also makes it easier to replace the cord or cable in the future, should the need arise. Cut the PVC to fit the trench length and connect sections using appropriate PVC couplings and cement.
Step 3: Lay the Extension Cord or Cable
Carefully lay the extension cord or cable along the bottom of the trench, either directly in the trench or inside the PVC conduit. Avoid stretching or kinking the cord or cable, as this can damage the insulation and create a safety hazard. Provide some slack in the cord along the trench to accommodate any ground movement due to temperature changes or settling. This is important to prevent the cord from being pulled tight and potentially damaged.
Step 4: Add a Layer of Sand or Gravel
Pour a layer of sand or gravel over the extension cord or cable. This will provide a cushion, protecting it from rocks and other sharp objects in the soil. A layer of about 2-3 inches is generally sufficient.
Step 5: Bury Warning Tape
Place warning tape above the extension cord or cable, approximately halfway between the cord and the surface. This tape will serve as a visual warning to anyone digging in the future, alerting them to the presence of an underground electrical cable. Choose a bright colored warning tape specifically designed for this purpose.
Step 6: Backfill the Trench
Carefully backfill the trench with soil, tamping it down firmly as you go. Remove any large rocks or debris that could damage the extension cord or cable. Once the trench is completely filled, level the surface and restore the area to its original condition. Consider adding topsoil and reseeding the area if necessary.
Step 7: Make Electrical Connections
Connect the extension cord to a GFCI-protected outlet. Always use waterproof connectors and ensure all connections are properly sealed to prevent moisture from entering. A GFCI outlet is crucial for outdoor electrical circuits, as it can quickly cut off power in the event of a ground fault, preventing electric shock.
Step 8: Test the Connection
Before covering up all connections, test the circuit to ensure it is working properly. Use a voltage tester to verify that power is flowing through the extension cord. If you encounter any problems, immediately disconnect the power and troubleshoot the issue. Do not attempt to use the extension cord until you have resolved the problem.
Essential Safety Precautions
Safety should always be your top priority when working with electricity. Follow these precautions to minimize the risk of accidents:
- Turn Off the Power: Always turn off the power at the circuit breaker before working on any electrical connections.
- Use GFCI Protection: As mentioned earlier, use a GFCI-protected outlet for all outdoor electrical circuits.
- Wear Safety Gear: Wear safety glasses and work gloves to protect yourself from injury.
- Work in Dry Conditions: Avoid working with electricity in wet conditions, as this significantly increases the risk of electric shock.
- Inspect Cords Regularly: Periodically inspect the exposed portions of the extension cord for any signs of damage. Replace any damaged cords immediately.
- Hire a Professional: If you are not comfortable working with electricity, hire a qualified electrician to perform the installation.
Maintaining Your Buried Extension Cord
Once your extension cord is buried, regular maintenance is essential to ensure its continued safety and performance.
- Periodic Inspections: Check the exposed portions of the cord, such as the plugs and connections, for any signs of damage or wear.
- Avoid Overloading: Do not overload the extension cord by plugging in too many devices. Check the cord’s amp rating and ensure that the total amperage of the devices plugged into it does not exceed that rating.
- Protect from Physical Damage: Avoid running heavy equipment over the buried cord, as this could damage it.
- Monitor for Ground Faults: If the GFCI outlet trips frequently, it could indicate a ground fault in the circuit. Investigate the cause of the problem and repair it immediately.
- Replace When Necessary: Even with proper maintenance, extension cords eventually wear out. Replace the cord when it shows signs of deterioration, such as cracks, frayed wires, or discoloration.
Troubleshooting Common Problems
Even with careful planning and installation, you may encounter some common problems with your buried extension cord. Here are some troubleshooting tips:
- No Power: If the extension cord is not providing power, check the circuit breaker to make sure it has not tripped. Also, check the GFCI outlet to see if it has tripped. If both are fine, inspect the connections for any loose wires or corrosion.
- GFCI Outlet Tripping: If the GFCI outlet trips frequently, it could indicate a ground fault in the circuit. This could be caused by damaged insulation on the extension cord, a faulty device plugged into the cord, or moisture in the connections.
- Damaged Cord: If you discover any damage to the extension cord, such as cuts, cracks, or frayed wires, replace the cord immediately. Do not attempt to repair a damaged extension cord.
Burying an extension cord is a worthwhile investment that can provide a safe and convenient outdoor power solution. By following these steps and taking the necessary safety precautions, you can enjoy the benefits of outdoor electricity without the risks associated with exposed cords. Remember to prioritize safety, choose the right materials, and maintain your installation regularly to ensure a long-lasting and reliable power source for your outdoor spaces.
Why would I bury an extension cord instead of just running it above ground?
Burying an extension cord offers significant advantages over leaving it exposed on the surface. An above-ground cord is susceptible to damage from foot traffic, lawnmowers, weather elements like sun and rain, and even curious animals. This can lead to electrical hazards such as shorts, shocks, and fires, posing a risk to people, pets, and property.
Burying the cord protects it from these potential dangers, creating a safer and more aesthetically pleasing environment. It eliminates tripping hazards, prevents unsightly clutter, and provides a more permanent and reliable power solution for outdoor applications like landscape lighting, fountains, or powering tools in remote areas of your yard.
What type of extension cord is safe to bury?
It is crucial to use only direct burial-rated extension cords specifically designed for underground use. These cords have a thicker, more durable outer jacket made of materials like UV-resistant polyethylene or PVC, which provides superior protection against moisture, abrasion, and degradation from soil chemicals. Regular extension cords are not designed for this harsh environment and can quickly become damaged, leading to hazardous conditions.
Direct burial-rated cords are typically labeled as “Underground Feeder (UF)” or “Direct Burial (DB)” and meet stringent safety standards. Always check the cord’s specifications and ensure it is approved for direct burial before proceeding. Using the wrong type of cord can void warranties and create a serious electrical hazard.
How deep should I bury the extension cord?
The recommended burial depth for an extension cord depends on local electrical codes and the specific application. However, a general guideline is to bury the cord at least 6 inches deep. This depth provides sufficient protection from accidental damage from gardening tools or minor soil disturbances.
In areas with heavy foot traffic or where digging is likely, consider burying the cord even deeper, around 12 inches or more. Consult your local electrical codes and a qualified electrician for specific requirements in your area. Proper burial depth is crucial for ensuring the longevity and safety of the installation.
Do I need to use conduit when burying an extension cord?
While not always mandatory depending on local codes and the type of direct burial-rated cord used, using conduit is highly recommended. Conduit, typically PVC or metal, provides an additional layer of protection for the extension cord, shielding it from physical damage caused by rocks, roots, or burrowing animals. It also simplifies future repairs or replacements.
Furthermore, conduit can help prevent the spread of electrical fires in the event of a short circuit. Check your local electrical codes to determine if conduit is required in your area. Even if it’s not, the added protection it offers makes it a worthwhile investment for a safer and more durable installation.
What steps should I take before burying the extension cord?
Before beginning any digging, it’s crucial to locate underground utilities. Call your local “Call Before You Dig” hotline to have utility companies mark the location of buried gas lines, water pipes, and electrical cables. This will prevent accidental damage to these services, which can be extremely dangerous and costly.
Next, carefully plan the route of the extension cord, avoiding areas prone to flooding, heavy foot traffic, or future construction. Ensure the cord is long enough to reach the desired location without being stretched or strained. Once you’ve confirmed the route is safe and suitable, you can begin digging the trench.
How should I connect the extension cord to a power source outdoors?
When connecting the extension cord to an outdoor power source, use a weatherproof outlet cover designed to protect against rain, snow, and other environmental elements. These covers typically have a gasket that seals the outlet box when the cord is plugged in, preventing moisture from entering and causing corrosion or electrical hazards.
Avoid using indoor extension cords outdoors, even temporarily. They are not designed to withstand the elements and can quickly become damaged, posing a safety risk. If you need to connect the cord to an existing outdoor outlet, ensure the outlet is GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter) protected, which can help prevent electric shock.
How can I maintain the buried extension cord to ensure its longevity?
Regularly inspect the visible portions of the extension cord, such as the plugs and exposed sections, for any signs of damage, such as cracks, cuts, or corrosion. Address any issues promptly by repairing or replacing the cord as needed. Also, avoid overloading the circuit to prevent overheating and potential damage.
Periodically test the GFCI outlet (if used) to ensure it is functioning correctly. If you suspect any problems with the buried portion of the cord, such as intermittent power or tripped circuit breakers, consult a qualified electrician to inspect the installation and make any necessary repairs. Proper maintenance will help ensure the safe and reliable operation of your buried extension cord for years to come.