Movie theaters provide a much-needed escape from the realities of our everyday lives, immersing us in the captivating world of film. From the stunning visuals to the gripping narratives, the movie-going experience is enhanced by the incredible sound quality that surrounds us in these theaters. As we settle into our plush seats, we may find ourselves pondering the question: how many decibels is a movie theater? It is an inquiry that unveils the fascinating world of sound levels in cinemas, shedding light on the careful balance struck between auditory impact and our auditory health.
The familiarity of this query surfaces from the stark contrast between the quietness of our homes and the thunderous waves of sound experienced in a movie theater. The dynamic range of sound in cinemas is tailored to evoke emotions, heighten tension, and draw us deeper into the narrative. However, this sonic experience is meticulously calibrated to ensure that it remains enjoyable, without crossing the threshold of discomfort. Understanding the decibel levels in movie theaters not only unravels the intricacies behind the creation of immersive soundscapes but also serves as a reminder of the commitment theaters have towards preserving our auditory well-being.
Understanding the Sound Levels in Cinemas
Basics of Decibels
Decibels (dB) are the unit of measurement used to quantify the intensity or loudness of sound. It is a logarithmic scale that represents the ratio of a sound’s pressure to a reference pressure. The logarithmic nature of decibels allows for a more accurate representation of the wide range of sound levels humans can perceive.
The decibel scale starts at 0 dB, which is the threshold of human hearing, and extends upwards. Each increase of 10 dB represents a tenfold increase in sound intensity. For example, a sound at 80 dB is ten times louder than a sound at 70 dB.
How Sound Works in Movie Theaters
In movie theaters, sound is reproduced through a system of speakers and amplifiers. The speakers are strategically placed around the theater to create an immersive audio experience for the audience. The amplifiers receive the audio signals from the movie’s soundtrack and amplify them to a level suitable for playback.
Movie soundtracks are divided into multiple audio channels. The most common channels used in cinemas are the left, center, right, surround, and subwoofer channels. The left, center, and right channels deliver dialogue and main audio effects, while the surround channels create a sense of spatial depth. The subwoofer channel handles low-frequency sounds, such as explosions and rumbling.
Recommended Sound Levels for Movie Theaters
Industry organizations, such as the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE), have established standards for sound levels in movie theaters. These standards ensure an optimal movie-viewing experience while prioritizing audience comfort.
The ideal sound levels for an immersive movie experience typically range from 65 to 85 dB. However, during intense action scenes, sound levels may temporarily exceed this range to enhance the impact of the visuals and create a more thrilling experience.
Measurement of Sound Levels in Movie Theaters
To measure sound levels in movie theaters, specialized devices like sound level meters are used. These devices capture and analyze the sound pressure levels in decibels. It is crucial to accurately measure sound levels to maintain a consistent and high-quality movie experience for the audience.
Proper measurement techniques involve placing the sound level meter at various locations throughout the theater to capture an accurate representation of sound distribution. Regular monitoring ensures that sound levels remain within acceptable limits and prevents excessive or uncomfortably loud playback.
Factors Affecting Sound Levels in Cinemas
The size and design of the theater can significantly impact sound levels. Larger theaters tend to have higher volume capacities, allowing for more immersive audio experiences. Additionally, theaters with proper acoustic treatments and soundproofing materials can optimize sound quality by reducing echo and unwanted noise interference. These factors contribute to a more balanced and enjoyable movie theater sound experience.
How Sound Works in Movie Theaters
A. Role of speakers and amplifiers
In order to create the immersive sound experience that movie theaters are known for, speakers and amplifiers play a crucial role. Speakers are strategically placed throughout the theater to ensure that sound is evenly distributed and reaches every corner of the room. They are responsible for reproducing the audio from the film and conveying it to the audience.
Amplifiers, on the other hand, are responsible for increasing the power of the audio signal and ensuring that it is strong enough to be heard by the entire audience. They take the audio signal from the movie’s soundtrack and amplify it, making it louder and more impactful. Without properly functioning speakers and amplifiers, the movie experience would be lacking in its ability to immerse and captivate the audience.
B. Different audio channels used in cinemas
To create a multi-dimensional sound experience, movie soundtracks are divided into different audio channels. These channels are designed to create a spatial effect, where sound can appear to be coming from different directions in the theater. The most common audio channels used in cinemas are:
1. Front channels: These channels are located behind the movie screen and are responsible for reproducing dialogue and other important sounds that come from the front of the theater.
2. Surround channels: These channels are placed around the theater and provide a sense of depth and immersion by reproducing ambient sounds, background music, and other audio effects. They help create a 360-degree sound experience, making the audience feel like they are right in the middle of the action.
3. Subwoofer channels: These channels are dedicated to reproducing low-frequency sounds, such as explosions and rumbling effects. They add a physical impact to the audio, making the audience feel the vibrations and intensifying the cinematic experience.
By utilizing different audio channels, movie theaters are able to create a more realistic and captivating sound experience for the audience. It adds depth, dimension, and a sense of being fully immersed in the cinematic world.
RecommendedRecommended Sound Levels for Movie Theaters
A. Standards set by industry organizations
Movie theaters strive to provide an immersive audio experience that enhances the viewing pleasure of the audience. To ensure consistent sound quality, industry organizations have established standards for recommended sound levels in movie theaters. These standards serve as guidelines that theater managers and audio technicians follow to create an optimal auditory experience for moviegoers.
Organizations such as the Cinema Audio Society (CAS) and the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) have developed specific guidelines for sound levels in cinemas. The CAS recommends a sound level of 85 dB with a dynamic range of 20 dB for the main speakers during the loudest parts of a movie. This allows for a balance between loud action scenes and quieter dialogue moments, ensuring that neTher overwhelms nor underwhelms the audience.
Similarly, SMPTE provides guidelines for auditorium design and performance standards. Their recommended sound level for movie theaters is 85 dB at the center of the auditorium. This ensures that the audience experiences immersive sound without causing discomfort or potential hearing damage.
B. Ideal sound levels for an immersive movie experience
While standards set by industry organizations are crucial, achieving the ideal sound levels for an immersive movie experience goes beyond mere compliance. Movie theater sound should transport the audience into the world of the film, enhancing the emotions and impact of the visuals.
An ideal immersive movie experience involves a sound level that immerses the audience without overpowering or distracting them. Sound levels in the range of 75-85 dB during action sequences can create a dynamic experience, making viewers feel like they are part of the action. During quieter dialogue moments, dropping the sound levels to around 60-70 dB ensures that the audience can hear the dialogue clearly.
It is important to note that the overall sound level is not the only factor in creating an immersive experience. The spatial distribution of sound, thanks to the use of multiple audio channels strategically positioned around the theater, also contributes to the overall perception of sound depth and directionality.
Ultimately, the goal is to strike a balance between sound intensity and clarity, creating an engaging and enjoyable movie experience for all viewers.
In conclusion, understanding the recommended sound levels for movie theaters is vital for creating an immersive and enjoyable movie experience. Industry standards set by organizations like CAS and SMPTE provide guidelines for theater owners and technicians to follow, ensuring that sound levels are optimized for maximum auditory impact. However, achieving an ideal sound level goes beyond compliance; it involves balancing loud action sequences with softer dialogue moments and utilizing spatial sound distribution techniques. By adhering to these recommended sound levels, movie theaters can provide moviegoers with a pleasurable and immersive auditory experience.
Measurement of Sound Levels in Movie Theaters
Devices and Techniques Used for Measuring Sound Levels
In order to maintain a quality movie experience, it is crucial to accurately measure the sound levels in movie theaters. This helps ensure that the audio is balanced and not too loud or too quiet.
There are several devices and techniques used for measuring sound levels in movie theaters. One commonly used device is a sound level meter, which is a handheld device that measures the intensity of sound in decibels. Sound level meters are designed to capture sound in various frequency ranges and provide real-time readings.
Another technique used for measuring sound levels in cinemas is the use of microphones and audio recording equipment. By strategically placing microphones in different areas of the theater, sound technicians can capture the audio and analyze its levels and quality. This allows for more detailed measurements and analysis of the sound in different locations within the theater.
Importance of Accurate Measurement in Maintaining a Quality Movie Experience
Accurate measurement of sound levels is crucial in maintaining a quality movie experience. If the sound levels are too low, the audience may struggle to hear the dialogue and other important audio elements, leading to a lackluster and frustrating experience. On the other hand, excessively high sound levels can be uncomfortable and even damaging to the audience’s hearing.
By using sound level meters and other measurement techniques, theater technicians can ensure that the sound levels are within acceptable ranges. This allows for optimal sound quality and balance, immersing the audience in the movie without causing discomfort or potential harm.
Additionally, accurate measurement of sound levels is essential for compliance with industry standards and local noise regulations. Movie theaters are required to adhere to certain sound level guidelines to ensure the well-being and satisfaction of their patrons. By regularly measuring sound levels and making necessary adjustments, theater management can maintain a pleasurable movie experience while also meeting regulatory requirements.
In conclusion, measurement of sound levels in movie theaters is a critical aspect of maintaining a high-quality movie experience. With the use of devices like sound level meters and techniques such as microphone placement, theater technicians can accurately assess and regulate sound levels. This ensures the optimal balance between audio immersion and audience comfort, while also meeting industry standards and regulatory requirements.
Factors Affecting Sound Levels in Cinemas
A. Size and design of the theater
The size and design of a movie theater play a crucial role in determining the sound levels experienced by the audience. Larger theaters typically require more powerful sound systems to adequately fill the space with sound. On the other hand, smaller theaters may not require as much sound amplification.
Moreover, the design of the theater can impact the distribution of sound. The layout of the seats, walls, and ceiling can eTher help or hinder the acoustics of the space. The use of materials that absorb sound waves, such as acoustic panels and drapes, can improve the overall sound quality. Conversely, hard surfaces like glass or concrete can cause sound to bounce around, creating a less controlled listening environment.
B. Acoustic treatments and soundproofing materials
Implementing proper acoustic treatments and soundproofing materials is essential in maintaining appropriate sound levels in movie theaters. Acoustic treatments, such as diffusers and absorbers, help to regulate the reflections of sound waves, ensuring a more balanced and immersive audio experience.
Additionally, soundproofing materials are crucial for preventing sound leakage from the theater. Soundproofing techniques include the use of thick walls, insulation, and specialized windows and doors designed to reduce sound transmission. By minimizing external noise intrusion and containing the sound within the theater, an optimal viewing and listening experience can be achieved.
It is worth noting that investing in high-quality acoustic treatments and soundproofing materials can significantly enhance the overall sound quality for moviegoers. The use of these measures demonstrates a commitment to delivering an immersive cinematic experience.
In conclusion, understanding the various factors that affect sound levels in cinemas is crucial for both moviegoers and theater owners alike. The size and design of the theater, as well as the implementation of acoustic treatments and soundproofing materials, directly impact the overall sound experience. By considering these factors and investing in appropriate sound systems and treatments, movie theaters can provide audiences with an exceptional audio experience that complements the on-screen visuals.
Common Sound Levels in Movie Theaters
Average sound levels during movie screenings
When you step into a movie theater, you are immediately enveloped by a world of sound. But have you ever wondered just how loud it can get in there? Movie theaters are known for their immersive audio experiences, and understanding the sound levels at which movies are presented is crucial for both moviegoers and theater management.
The average sound level during a movie screening typically falls between 75 to 85 decibels (dB). This level is measured using a sound level meter, which quantifies the intensity of sound. To put it in perspective, a normal conversation would be around 60 dB, while a rock concert can exceed 100 dB. While 75 to 85 dB may not seem excessively loud, it is important to consider the duration of exposure. Movies can be quite long, and extended exposure to high sound levels can have negative effects on one’s hearing.
Sound levels during intense action scenes versus quieter dialogue moments
In a movie, sound serves to create a sense of realism and enhance the emotional impact of each scene. During intense action sequences, sound levels can reach peaks of 90 dB or higher. Explosions, car chases, and fight scenes are often designed to make the audience feel immersed in the action, and the sound plays a crucial role in achieving this effect.
On the other hand, quieter dialogue moments typically have lower sound levels, ranging from 65 to 75 dB. The focus here is on conveying the subtleties of the story, and the sound is adjusted to ensure that the audience can hear every word clearly without straining.
The dynamic range of sound in movies is carefully engineered to create a varied and engaging experience, but it can also present challenges in maintaining appropriate sound levels. It is the responsibility of theater management to ensure that the sound is not excessively loud during intense scenes while still maintaining an immersive experience.
Understanding the common sound levels in movie theaters allows moviegoers to make informed decisions about protecting their hearing. It also emphasizes the importance for theater management to be vigilant in monitoring and adjusting sound levels to prevent discomfort and potential hearing damage.
In the next section, we will explore the impact of sound levels on audience experience, focusing on how high sound levels can affect enjoyment and potential risks related to hearing damage and discomfort.
The Impact of Sound Levels on Audience Experience
Effects of high sound levels on audience enjoyment
One of the key considerations when discussing the sound levels in movie theaters is their impact on audience enjoyment. Sound is a crucial element in creating an immersive and engrossing cinematic experience. When sound levels are too low, it can diminish the impact of the film, making it more difficult for viewers to get fully absorbed in the story. On the other hand, excessively high sound levels can also be detrimental to the audience experience.
High sound levels may lead to discomfort for moviegoers, causing them to feel overwhelmed or even physically pained. The intense and loud sound, especially during action scenes, can create a jarring experience that detracts from the overall enjoyment of the movie. This can also lead to increased stress and fatigue on the part of the audience, diminishing their overall satisfaction with the theater experience.
Potential hearing damage and discomfort caused by excessive sound levels
Another crucial factor to consider is the potential for hearing damage caused by excessive sound levels. Prolonged exposure to high sound levels can result in temporary or permanent hearing loss, tinnitus, and other auditory issues. Movie theaters have been known to reach sound levels that exceed the safe limits recommended by health organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO).
While short bursts of loud sound may not cause immediate harm, repeated exposure can have long-term consequences. It is essential for movie theaters to understand the thresholds at which sound becomes hazardous and take steps to protect the hearing health of their patrons.
Moviegoers may also experience discomfort from excessive sound levels. Loud and intense sound can create a physically uncomfortable sensation, including vibrations and pressure in the ears. This discomfort can distract from the movie-watching experience and make it challenging for viewers to fully engage with the film.
It is crucial for movie theaters to strike a balance between delivering a powerful and immersive cinematic experience and ensuring the comfort and safety of their audience. Proper sound level management is crucial in creating an environment that enhances the movie-watching experience while also protecting the hearing health of moviegoers.
SOUND LEVELS AND MOVIE THEATER REGULATIONS
A. Compliance with local noise regulations
In order to ensure a pleasant and safe moviegoing experience, movie theaters must comply with local noise regulations. These regulations are typically set by governmental authorities or local municipalities and aim to protect the public from excessive noise pollution.
The specific regulations regarding sound levels in cinemas may vary from one jurisdiction to another. However, they usually outline permissible decibel limits for different types of areas, such as residential or commercial zones. Movie theaters are generally categorized as commercial spaces, and therefore, must adhere to the noise limits specified for such areas.
The purpose of these regulations is to prevent the disturbance of nearby residents or businesses due to loud sounds emanating from the theater. By setting limits on sound levels, authorities aim to strike a balance between the need for entertainment venues to operate and the rights of individuals to enjoy a peaceful environment.
Failure to comply with local noise regulations can result in penalties and fines for theater owners. Additionally, persistent violations may lead to the revocation of operating licenses or permits. It is therefore essential for theater management to regularly monitor and control sound levels within their premises to ensure compliance with these regulations.
B. Role of theater management in maintaining appropriate sound levels
The responsibility of maintaining appropriate sound levels lies with theater management. They play a vital role in ensuring that sound systems are properly calibrated, maintained, and operated within acceptable limits.
Theater managers must have a thorough understanding of the local noise regulations and implement appropriate measures to comply with them. This may involve investing in high-quality soundproofing materials, employing trained staff to monitor sound levels during screenings, and utilizing advanced audio mixing techniques.
Regular inspections and testing of sound systems should also be conducted to identify any faults or malfunctions that may lead to excessive noise levels. Additionally, theater management should have effective procedures in place to promptly address any complaints or concerns related to sound levels from patrons or neighboring residents.
By actively managing and controlling sound levels, theater management can create an enjoyable and immersive movie experience for audiences while also meeting the necessary regulatory requirements. It is their responsibility to strike a balance between providing an immersive audiovisual experience and ensuring the comfort and well-being of moviegoers and the surrounding community.
In conclusion, compliance with local noise regulations and the proactive role of theater management in maintaining appropriate sound levels are crucial for a successful movie theater operation. By adhering to these regulations and implementing sound management practices, theaters can create a pleasant and comfortable environment for moviegoers, while also being responsible members of their community.
X. Control and Adjustment of Sound Levels in Cinemas
A. Utilization of audio mixing techniques
In order to provide the best sound experience for moviegoers, movie theaters employ various audio mixing techniques to control and adjust sound levels. Audio mixing refers to the process of blending different audio elements, such as dialogue, music, and sound effects, to create a balanced and immersive sound environment.
One commonly used technique is known as “dynamic range compression,” which involves reducing the difference between the loudest and softest sounds. This helps prevent extreme fluctuations in sound levels, ensuring that even the quietest dialogue can be heard clearly without being drowned out by louder action sequences or special effects.
Another technique is the strategic placement of speakers throughout the theater. By positioning speakers in different locations around the auditorium, theaters can create a more even and enveloping sound experience. This allows for a more immersive audio environment, with sound coming from all directions and adding to the overall cinematic experience.
B. Equipment adjustments to enhance sound experience while ensuring comfort
In addition to audio mixing techniques, theaters also use equipment adjustments to enhance the sound experience while ensuring audience comfort. This includes adjusting the volume levels of individual speakers, amplifiers, and other audio equipment.
The theaters have sound engineers who are responsible for continuously monitoring and adjusting the sound levels during movie screenings. They ensure that the sound is loud enough to be heard clearly throughout the auditorium but not so loud that it becomes uncomfortable or causes discomfort for the audience. Theater management teams work closely with these sound engineers to ensure that the sound systems are properly calibrated and maintained.
Furthermore, advancements in technology have led to the development of sophisticated sound systems that can provide precise control over sound levels. Theaters now use digital sound processors that allow for real-time adjustments, ensuring that the sound is optimized for each specific movie and audience.
It is important for theaters to strike a balance between providing an immersive sound experience and maintaining audience comfort. While loud and impactful sound can enhance the cinematic experience, excessively loud sound levels can be harmful to the ears and cause discomfort. Movie theater management teams understand the importance of finding this balance and take steps to ensure that sound levels are controlled and adjusted appropriately.
By utilizing audio mixing techniques and making equipment adjustments, theaters aim to provide moviegoers with a high-quality sound experience that enhances the overall enjoyment of the film while prioritizing audience comfort and safety.
Factors to Consider when Choosing a Movie Theater
A. Researching the sound systems and soundproofing measures
When deciding on a movie theater to visit, it is essential to consider the sound systems and soundproofing measures in place. The quality of sound can significantly impact the overall movie-watching experience and enjoyment. Therefore, it is crucial to research and choose a theater that prioritizes sound quality.
One factor to consider is the type of sound system being used. Many modern theaters employ surround sound systems, such as Dolby Atmos, which provide a more immersive audio experience. These systems utilize multiple speakers placed strategically around the theater to create a three-dimensional sound environment. Researching the type of sound system used by a theater can help ensure a more immersive and enjoyable movie experience.
Additionally, it is important to consider the soundproofing measures implemented by the theater. Soundproofing helps isolate the theater’s sound from external noise sources, such as traffic or nearby construction. This ensures that the audience can fully immerse themselves in the movie without any distractions. Paying attention to the soundproofing measures can contribute to a more focused and enjoyable movie-watching experience.
B. Hearing-impaired accessibility options available in theaters
Another crucial factor to consider when choosing a movie theater is the availability of hearing-impaired accessibility options. Movie theaters should strive to provide an inclusive experience for individuals with hearing difficulties.
One accessibility option commonly found in theaters is closed captioning devices. These devices allow individuals with hearing impairments to read the dialogue and sound effects displayed on a small screen attached to their seat. Closed captioning devices ensure that individuals with hearing difficulties can fully comprehend the movie’s dialogue and storyline.
Another accessibility option is the availability of hearing loop systems. These systems transmit audio directly to hearing aids or cochlear implants equipped with T-coil technology. By utilizing hearing loop systems, individuals with hearing impairments can receive audio signals directly to their hearing devices, resulting in a clearer and more personalized listening experience.
When choosing a movie theater, it is important to inquire about the availability of these hearing-impaired accessibility options. Ensuring that these options are in place allows individuals with hearing difficulties to enjoy movies with equal access and participation.
In conclusion, when selecting a movie theater, it is crucial to consider factors such as the sound systems used and the presence of hearing-impaired accessibility options. Researching and choosing a theater that prioritizes sound quality and provides inclusive experiences for individuals with hearing difficulties can contribute to a pleasurable and enjoyable movie-watching experience. By advocating for appropriate sound levels and accessibility options, moviegoers can help create a more inclusive and accommodating environment for all audience members.
Ensuring a Pleasurable Movie Theater Experience
A. Tips for protecting your hearing in movie theaters
When visiting movie theaters, it is important to take certain precautions to protect your hearing and ensure a pleasurable experience. Here are some tips to keep in mind:
1. Moderate Volume Levels: While movie theaters are known for their immersive sound, it is crucial to be aware of the volume levels. It is recommended to sit at a safe distance from the speakers to avoid being directly exposed to excessively loud sounds. Additionally, if you find the volume uncomfortable, do not hesitate to speak to theater staff or management about adjusting the sound levels.
2. Earplugs: Consider using earplugs if you are sensitive to loud noises or if you are attending a particularly loud action-packed movie. Earplugs can help reduce the intensity of the sound while still allowing you to enjoy the movie.
3. Take Breaks: If you are watching a marathon of movies or a long film, it is beneficial to take periodic breaks. This gives your ears some rest from continuous exposure to loud sounds and helps prevent fatigue or discomfort.
4. Maintain a Healthy Distance: Sitting too close to the speakers can result in the sound being too intense. Opt for a seat towards the middle or the back of the theater for a more balanced sound experience.
B. Importance of reporting excessively loud sound experiences
If you encounter excessively loud sound experiences during your visit to a movie theater, it is important to report it to the appropriate personnel. By doing so, you not only advocate for your own hearing health but also contribute to the overall improvement of sound levels in cinemas. Here are some reasons why reporting excessively loud sound experiences is crucial:
1. Protecting Others: By reporting excessively loud sound experiences, you are helping protect future moviegoers from potential hearing damage and discomfort. This ensures a safer and more enjoyable experience for everyone.
2. Raising Awareness: By bringing attention to the issue, you are raising awareness about the significance of appropriate sound levels in movie theaters. This encourages theater management to take necessary actions to maintain a high standard of sound quality while prioritizing audience comfort.
3. Continued Improvement: Reporting excessive sound levels helps in identifying areas of improvement and allows theater management to make necessary adjustments. This can lead to the implementation of soundproofing measures, regular sound system maintenance, and more considerate control of sound levels during movie screenings.
In conclusion, it is essential to ensure a pleasurable movie theater experience by taking necessary steps to protect your hearing and reporting excessively loud sound experiences. By following these tips and advocating for appropriate sound levels, we can contribute to the overall improvement of sound quality in cinemas and create a safer and more enjoyable environment for all moviegoers.
Conclusion
A. Recap of the importance of understanding sound levels in cinemas
Understanding the sound levels in movie theaters is crucial for a pleasurable and immersive movie experience. Moviegoers should be aware of the impact that sound can have on their enjoyment and comfort during a film.
Throughout this article, we have explored the basics of decibels, how sound works in movie theaters, recommended sound levels, and the measurement and regulation of sound levels. We have also discussed the factors that can affect sound levels in cinemas and the potential impact on audience experience.
B. Encouragement for moviegoers to advocate for appropriate sound levels
As patrons of movie theaters, it is important for us to advocate for appropriate sound levels. Excessive sound levels can not only diminish the enjoyment of a film but also potentially cause hearing damage and discomfort. Therefore, it is crucial for moviegoers to speak up and report excessively loud sound experiences to theater management.
Additionally, when choosing a movie theater, it is advisable to research the sound systems and soundproofing measures in place. This will allow individuals to make informed decisions about which theaters prioritize a comfortable and immersive sound experience.
Lastly, protecting our hearing in movie theaters is of paramount importance. Tips such as sitting farther away from speakers, using earplugs, and taking breaks during long films can help minimize the risk of hearing damage.
In conclusion, the understanding of sound levels in cinemas has a significant impact on the overall movie-watching experience. By being aware, advocating for appropriate sound levels, and taking steps to protect our hearing, we can ensure enjoyable and safe movie experiences for ourselves and others.