How Do You Send an Emergency Alert to Someone’s Phone: A Quick Guide

In today’s fast-paced and ever-connected world, the ability to alert someone quickly in the event of an emergency has become of paramount importance. Whether it’s a natural disaster, a security breach, or any other urgent situation, being able to send an emergency alert directly to someone’s phone can save lives and minimize potential harm. But how exactly does one go about this process? In this quick guide, we will explore the various methods and technologies available for sending emergency alerts to someone’s phone, ensuring that timely and critical information reaches those who need it most.

In times of crisis, every second counts, and the traditional methods of communication may not always be fast enough to deliver vital information to individuals. Fortunately, modern technology has provided us with multiple avenues to quickly send emergency alerts directly to someone’s phone. From government agencies and institutions to individuals and businesses, this guide will equip you with the necessary knowledge to effectively and efficiently alert others during an emergency situation. Whether you want to learn about the emergency alert systems employed by authorities or explore alternative means such as mobile apps and social media platforms, this article will provide you with a comprehensive overview of the key methods for sending emergency alerts to someone’s phone. Let us delve into the various options available and understand the implications and considerations of each, empowering us to make informed decisions in times of urgency.

Table of Contents

What is an emergency alert?

A. Definition and purpose of an emergency alert

An emergency alert is a broadcast or notification sent to individuals or a group of people to provide critical information about an imminent threat or ongoing emergency. Its purpose is to quickly inform and alert individuals, allowing them to take necessary actions to protect themselves and others.

Emergency alerts are typically sent via various communication channels, such as cell phones, television, radio, and outdoor warning systems. With advancements in technology, emergency alerts have become increasingly personalized and accessible, allowing authorities to reach a wider audience in a shorter time frame.

The primary objective of an emergency alert is to save lives and reduce injuries during emergencies. By providing timely and accurate information, these alerts can help people make informed decisions, evacuate if necessary, seek shelter, and follow safety protocols.

B. Types of emergencies covered by alerts

Emergency alerts cover a wide range of potential threats, ensuring that individuals receive essential information during various emergency situations. Some common types of emergencies covered by alerts include:

1. Natural Disasters: Alerts are sent to signal imminent natural disasters such as hurricanes, tornadoes, earthquakes, floods, wildfires, and severe weather conditions. These alerts provide instructions on evacuation routes, shelter locations, and safety precautions.

2. Public Safety Threats: Alerts notify individuals about serious public safety threats, including active shooters, bomb threats, terrorist attacks, hazardous material incidents, and civil unrest. They may include information on lockdown procedures, evacuations, and areas to avoid.

3. Amber Alerts: Amber Alerts are specifically issued for child abduction cases. They aim to mobilize the public’s assistance in locating and rescuing abducted children. These alerts often provide descriptions of the child, suspect, and vehicles involved.

4. Public Health Emergencies: Alerts are sent during public health emergencies like pandemics, disease outbreaks, or biological hazards. They provide guidance on preventive measures, testing locations, vaccination sites, and quarantine protocols.

5. Technological Hazards: Alerts inform individuals about technological disasters, such as chemical spills, nuclear accidents, dam breaches, or power outages. They may include instructions on evacuation or sheltering in place.

6. Transportation Disruptions: These alerts notify individuals about significant transportation disruptions, such as accidents, road closures, or public transportation failures. They help people plan alternative routes and modes of transportation.

Understanding what emergency alerts are and the types of emergencies they cover is vital for individuals to be prepared and take appropriate actions when facing potential threats. By being aware of the purpose and scope of emergency alerts, individuals can stay informed and better protect themselves and their communities.

ILegal requirements for emergency alerts

A. Federal regulations regarding emergency alert systems

Emergency alert systems are not just convenient tools for sending important notifications; they are also subject to a set of legal requirements imposed by federal regulations. These regulations ensure that emergency alerts are effective, reliable, and accessible to everyone.

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is the governing body responsible for enforcing these regulations. One of the key regulations is the Integrated Public Alert and Warning System (IPAWS) framework, which establishes standards and protocols for emergency alert systems. IPAWS enables authorized government officials to send alerts to the public through various communication channels, including cell phones.

Under IPAWS, the Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA) system was developed as a nationwide network for sending emergency alerts to mobile devices. This system allows government agencies to deliver geographically-targeted alerts through participating wireless carriers. It ensures that people within the affected area receive important emergency information, regardless of whether they have opted in to receive alerts.

Additionally, the emergency alert system used by broadcasters, known as the Emergency Alert System (EAS), is also regulated by the FCC. This system allows authorized officials to interrupt regular programming and broadcast emergency alerts on television and radio. It serves as a critical tool for reaching a wide audience during severe weather events, national emergencies, and other significant incidents.

B. State and local laws related to emergency alerts

In addition to federal regulations, individual states and local jurisdictions may have their own laws pertaining to emergency alerts. These laws often supplement the federal requirements and allow for more localized and tailored alerting practices.

State and local laws may address specific issues such as the types of emergencies that warrant alerts, the frequency and duration of alerts, and the methods for disseminating information. For example, some states require the inclusion of non-English languages in emergency alerts to accommodate diverse populations, while others may mandate the use of accessible formats for individuals with disabilities.

It is important for emergency management agencies and public safety officials to be familiar with both federal and local regulations to ensure compliance when sending emergency alerts. By understanding and adhering to these legal requirements, emergency alert systems can effectively serve their purpose of warning and informing the public during critical situations.

RecommendedEmergency Alert Systems

Overview of Different Emergency Alert Systems

In today’s technologically advanced world, emergency alert systems play a crucial role in keeping communities safe and informed during times of crisis. There are several different types of emergency alert systems that have been implemented to ensure that important information reaches individuals promptly and effectively.

One widely utilized emergency alert system is the Wireless Emergency Alert (WEA) system. This system enables authorized government agencies to send geographically targeted text-like messages to mobile devices within a specific area. The WEA system is designed to deliver alerts for imminent threats to safety, including severe weather, natural disasters, and AMBER alerts.

Another common emergency alert system is the Emergency Alert System (EAS), which broadcasts emergency messages via radio and television stations. This system allows local, state, and national authorities to quickly disseminate critical information to a large audience. The EAS typically covers a wide range of emergencies, including severe weather, civil emergencies, and public safety threats.

Comparison of Popular Emergency Alert Systems

While both the WEA and EAS serve the purpose of delivering important alerts, there are some key differences between the two systems. The WEA system is primarily focused on reaching individuals directly through their mobile devices, making it more personal and immediate. On the other hand, the EAS is a broadcast-based system that can reach a larger population through traditional media channels.

One advantage of the WEA system is its ability to target specific geographic areas. This means that residents in a particular area can receive alerts that are relevant to their location and avoid unnecessary panic or confusion. The EAS, on the other hand, provides a more general broadcast of alerts, which may be beneficial in situations where there is a widespread emergency affecting a large geographic area.

It’s important to note that the effectiveness of both the WEA and EAS systems relies heavily on individuals having compatible devices and being located within an area with adequate cellular coverage. While these systems have proven to be valuable tools for emergency communication, they are not without limitations, and additional measures may need to be taken to ensure comprehensive coverage.

In conclusion, understanding the different emergency alert systems available is crucial for both individuals and public safety officials alike. While the WEA system provides direct and timely alerts to mobile devices, the EAS system reaches a larger population through traditional broadcast channels. By knowing the strengths and limitations of these systems, individuals can stay informed and prepared for emergencies in their communities.

How to Send an Emergency Alert to Someone’s Phone

A. Step-by-step instructions for sending an emergency alert

Sending an emergency alert to someone’s phone can be a crucial and potentially life-saving action. While the specific method may vary depending on the emergency alert system being used, here are some general steps to follow:

1. Determine the appropriate emergency alert system: Identify which emergency alert system is applicable in your area. Common systems include Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA) and the Emergency Alert System (EAS). It is essential to understand the specific requirements and capabilities of the system you are using.

2. Gather necessary information: Before sending the alert, gather all the relevant details about the emergency. This includes essential information like the type of emergency, its location, and any specific instructions or precautions.

3. Access the alert system: Depending on the system being used, access may be available through a website, a smartphone app, or a specialized emergency alert platform. Sign in or log in to the system using the necessary credentials.

4. Select the recipients: Determine the target audience for the emergency alert. This could include residents in a specific geographic area, employees in a particular organization, or subscribers to a specific alert service. Ensure that the recipient list is accurate and up to date.

5. Compose the alert message: Craft a clear and concise message that provides essential information about the emergency. Include details such as the nature of the emergency, its location, any immediate actions needed, and reliable sources for additional updates or instructions.

6. Choose the appropriate urgency level: Depending on the severity and urgency of the situation, select the appropriate urgency level for the alert. Urgency levels can range from extreme emergencies requiring immediate action to less severe alerts intended to inform and prepare.

7. Send the alert: Once you have reviewed and confirmed the accuracy of the alert message, send it out through the chosen emergency alert system. Be aware of any options available for scheduling alerts or sending follow-up updates if necessary.

B. Importance of ensuring accuracy and authenticity of the alert

When sending an emergency alert, ensuring its accuracy and authenticity is of utmost importance. Inaccurate or misleading information can cause panic, confusion, or disregard for the alert, potentially jeopardizing public safety. Here are some key considerations:

1. Verification of information: Before sending the alert, carefully verify the accuracy of the information being shared. Rely on official and verified sources to confirm the details of the emergency.

2. Avoid speculation or hearsay: Stick to known facts and avoid spreading rumors or unverified information. Providing verified details helps maintain trust and credibility in the alert system.

3. Clear and concise messaging: Craft the alert message with clarity and brevity to ensure that recipients can quickly understand and act upon the information provided. Avoid unnecessary jargon or technical terms that might confuse or mislead recipients.

4. Authoritative sources: Include links or references to official sources where recipients can verify and obtain more information about the emergency. This helps establish the authenticity of the alert and allows individuals to stay informed.

Sending an emergency alert to someone’s phone is a critical responsibility. By following proper protocols and ensuring accuracy in the alert message, you contribute to the overall effectiveness and reliability of the emergency alert system.

Registering for emergency alerts

In today’s fast-paced world, staying informed and prepared for emergencies is vital. One of the most effective ways to receive crucial information during emergencies is through emergency alerts sent directly to your phone. Registering for these alerts ensures that you stay informed about potential dangers and can take necessary actions to keep yourself and your loved ones safe. This section will guide you through the process of signing up for emergency alerts on your cell phone and explore additional online platforms and apps for receiving these alerts.

A. How to sign up for emergency alerts on a cell phone

Signing up for emergency alerts on your cell phone is a simple and straightforward process. Most cell phone providers offer this service to their customers. Here are the general steps to follow:

1. Check with your cell phone provider: Start by visiting your cell phone provider’s website or contacting customer service to inquire about their emergency alert system. They will provide you with the necessary information and instructions for registration.

2. Follow the registration process: Once you have the information, follow the registration process provided by your cell phone provider. This typically involves logging into your account or navigating through specific settings in your phone’s menu.

3. Customize your preferences: During the registration process, you may have the option to customize the types of alerts you want to receive. You can choose specific locations or opt for nationwide alerts, depending on your preferences and needs.

B. Online platforms and apps for receiving emergency alerts

In addition to registering for emergency alerts through your cell phone provider, there are also various online platforms and apps that provide this service. These platforms often offer additional features and customization options. Here are a few popular options:

1. FEMA App: The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) offers a free app that delivers real-time alerts from the National Weather Service and other emergency agencies. It provides information about various types of emergencies, including severe weather, natural disasters, and public safety alerts.

2. Red Cross Emergency App: The American Red Cross has developed an app that delivers personalized emergency alerts based on your location. It provides real-time information about disasters, safety tips, and emergency resources.

3. Local government websites and apps: Many local governments have their own alert systems and apps that provide localized emergency information. It is worth exploring the websites and mobile apps of your local government to see if they offer this service.

By registering for emergency alerts on your cell phone and exploring various online platforms and apps, you are taking proactive steps to stay informed and prepared in the face of emergencies. Keep in mind that these alerts are an essential component of emergency preparedness, but they should be supplemented with other forms of information gathering, such as local news sources and official announcements.

Frequently asked questions about emergency alerts

A. Common concerns and misconceptions about emergency alerts

Emergency alerts play a crucial role in ensuring public safety during emergencies. However, there are often common concerns and misconceptions surrounding these alert systems. It is important to address these concerns to promote a better understanding of how emergency alerts work.

One common concern is the fear of receiving false or unnecessary alerts. Some individuals worry that they will be bombarded with irrelevant notifications, causing unnecessary panic and anxiety. It is important to note that emergency alerts are carefully regulated and only sent out when there is a genuine threat to public safety. These alerts are designed to provide timely and critical information to help individuals protect themselves and their communities.

Another misconception is that emergency alerts are only sent in situations of natural disasters such as hurricanes or earthquakes. While natural disasters are commonly covered by emergency alerts, these systems also encompass a wide range of emergencies. They can include alerts for severe weather conditions, hazardous material incidents, AMBER alerts for missing children, and even national security threats. It is crucial to understand that emergency alerts are not limited to specific types of emergencies but are instead designed to address various critical situations.

B. Answers to frequently asked questions related to emergency alerts on phones

1. How do I know if my phone is capable of receiving emergency alerts?
Most modern smartphones are capable of receiving emergency alerts. These alerts are delivered via Wireless Emergency Alert (WEA) technology, which is supported by major wireless carriers.

2. Can I choose which types of emergency alerts I receive?
The types of alerts you receive may vary depending on your location and the capabilities of your phone. However, it is important to receive all types of emergency alerts to ensure your safety and the safety of those around you.

3. Can emergency alerts be disabled or turned off?
Emergency alerts cannot be disabled, as they are a critical component of public safety. However, some non-emergency notifications, such as AMBER alerts or weather warnings, may be customizable in certain settings on your phone.

4. Will I be charged for receiving emergency alerts?
No, receiving emergency alerts will not result in any charges. These alerts are provided as a public service by your wireless carrier.

By addressing these common concerns and providing answers to frequently asked questions, individuals can have a better understanding of the purpose and functionality of emergency alerts on their phones. It is important to stay informed and prepared for emergencies, trusting in the effectiveness of these alert systems for public safety.

Limitations and Challenges of Emergency Alert Systems

A. Factors that may affect the effectiveness of emergency alerts

Emergency alert systems play a crucial role in delivering important and timely information to the public during emergencies. However, it is essential to recognize that these systems also have limitations and face challenges that can affect their effectiveness.

One important factor that may impact the effectiveness of emergency alerts is the reach and coverage of the system. Although advancements in technology have expanded the reach of alerts, there may still be areas with limited or no cellular coverage. In such cases, individuals in those areas may not receive the alerts, which can be problematic during emergencies that require immediate action for safety.

The timing and speed of delivery is another significant challenge. Emergency alerts are time-sensitive, and any delay in their transmission can result in severe consequences. Factors such as network congestion or technical issues can potentially cause delays in the delivery of alerts, reducing their effectiveness in reaching the intended recipients in a timely manner.

Another limitation is the reliance on individuals to have their phones turned on and within range of a cellular network. In emergency situations, people may not have their phones readily accessible or may not hear the alert if they are in a noisy environment. Additionally, individuals who do not own a mobile phone will not receive alerts through this channel, highlighting the importance of other communication channels, such as radio or television, to reach a broader audience.

B. Potential issues with emergency alert systems and their resolutions

Emergency alert systems are not immune to technical glitches and human error, which can result in issues that need to be addressed. One common problem is the potential for false alerts or incorrect information being disseminated. While these instances are rare, they can cause panic and confusion among the public. To mitigate this, alert systems must have robust verification processes in place to ensure the accuracy and authenticity of the alerts being sent.

Furthermore, there is a need for continued improvement in the localization of emergency alerts. Currently, alerts are typically sent based on the user’s registered location or the location of the cell tower they connect to. This can lead to situations where individuals receive alerts that are not relevant to their immediate area or miss alerts that are crucial to their safety. Advancements in technology should aim to enhance the precision of location-based targeting to ensure that alerts are sent only to individuals who are directly affected by an emergency.

Additionally, emergency alert systems should consider providing multilingual alerts to cater to diverse populations. Language barriers can hinder the effectiveness of alerts for non-native English speakers. By incorporating multiple languages or providing translation services, emergency alerts can reach a broader audience and ensure that crucial information is understood by all.

In conclusion, while emergency alert systems have proven to be valuable tools in disseminating critical information during emergencies, they do have limitations and challenges that must be recognized and addressed. Continuous improvement and innovation in technology, combined with robust testing and verification procedures, can help overcome these limitations and enhance the effectiveness of emergency alert systems in keeping the public safe and informed.

Tips for Creating Effective Emergency Alerts

A. Crafting clear and concise messages

When sending an emergency alert to someone’s phone, it is crucial to craft a message that is clear, concise, and easily understandable. Emergency alerts are meant to convey important information quickly, so avoid using complex language or unnecessary details that may confuse the recipient.

For example, instead of saying, “There is a fire in your area, and it is recommended that you evacuate immediately,” a more effective message would be: “Emergency: Fire reported in your area. Evacuate now.”

Ensure that the message provides essential details such as the type of emergency, the location or area affected, and any necessary actions to be taken. Keep the message short and to the point, using simple and straightforward language.

B. Use of appropriate urgency levels and language

Different emergencies require different levels of urgency in the message. It is important to match the urgency level to the severity of the situation.

For instance, a severe weather warning may require a more urgent tone and language, such as using capital letters, exclamation marks, or terms like “immediately” or “urgent.” On the other hand, a less critical situation may warrant a less urgent tone to avoid unnecessary panic or anxiety.

Consider the emotional impact of the language used in the alert. Use empathetic language to show concern for the recipient’s safety and well-being. For example, instead of saying, “Stay indoors due to an active shooter,” a more empathetic message would be: “For your safety, please remain indoors. Active shooter reported in the vicinity.”

Avoid using jargon or technical terms that may be unfamiliar to the general public. The goal is to ensure that the message can be easily understood by anyone who receives it.

In summary, effective emergency alerts require clear and concise messaging that conveys the necessary information quickly. Use appropriate urgency levels and empathetic language to ensure the message resonates with the recipients. By following these tips, emergency alerts can effectively reach and inform individuals during critical situations.

When to send an emergency alert

A. Determining the appropriate situations warranting an emergency alert

In the event of an emergency, it is crucial to send an alert to individuals who may be affected. However, not every situation requires an emergency alert to be sent to everyone’s phone. Public safety officials play a crucial role in determining the appropriate situations warranting an emergency alert.

Public safety officials, including local government agencies, law enforcement, and emergency management organizations, are responsible for assessing the severity and potential impact of an emergency. They consider factors such as the level of imminent danger, the size and scope of the affected area, and the speed at which the situation is developing.

Some situations that may warrant an emergency alert include natural disasters like hurricanes, tornadoes, earthquakes, or floods. These events can cause significant damage to property and pose a threat to human life. Other emergencies include hazardous material incidents, mass shootings, terrorist attacks, or public health emergencies such as pandemics.

The decision to send an emergency alert is not taken lightly. Public safety officials must carefully evaluate the risks and potential harm of the situation. They must also consider the need to provide timely and accurate information to the public, ensuring that individuals can take appropriate actions to protect themselves.

B. The role of public safety officials in making the decision to send an alert

Public safety officials have a responsibility to promptly assess the situation and determine whether an emergency alert is necessary. They rely on various sources of information, including weather reports, surveillance systems, eyewitness accounts, and intelligence from relevant agencies.

These officials have established protocols and guidelines in place to guide their decision-making process. They may consult with other experts, such as meteorologists, health professionals, or law enforcement personnel, to gather additional information and ensure a comprehensive understanding of the situation.

Public safety officials also consider the potential consequences of sending an alert. They aim to strike a balance between warning the public of imminent danger and avoiding unnecessary panic or false alarms. Their decisions must align with the legal requirements and best practices outlined by federal, state, and local regulations.

The expertise and experience of public safety officials are crucial in determining the appropriate timing and content of an emergency alert. They take into account the needs and safety of the affected population, ensuring that the message effectively communicates the nature of the emergency and the necessary actions individuals should take.

By entrusting public safety officials with the responsibility of making these decisions, the public can have confidence that emergency alerts will only be sent when there is a genuine threat to their safety. It is important for individuals to stay informed and follow instructions provided through these alerts, as they are crucial for ensuring personal safety and minimizing the impact of emergencies.

In conclusion, the decision to send an emergency alert is based on the expertise and assessment of public safety officials. They carefully evaluate the severity and potential impact of the situation, taking into account various factors to determine the appropriate situations warranting an alert. The role of public safety officials is essential in safeguarding public welfare and ensuring effective emergency communication. Individuals should trust and follow the instructions provided through emergency alerts to protect themselves and their communities.

Future of emergency alert systems

A. Advancements and innovations in emergency alert technology

In recent years, emergency alert systems have evolved significantly, leveraging advancements in technology to improve their effectiveness and reach. One notable innovation is the integration of geolocation services into alert systems. This allows emergency alerts to be sent to specific geographic areas, ensuring that only individuals in the affected locations receive the notifications. By targeting alerts, emergency management teams can reduce the risk of alert fatigue and enhance the overall efficiency of the system.

Moreover, the integration of multimedia capabilities has enhanced the delivery of emergency alerts. Traditional alerts relied solely on text messages, but now emergency alerts can include images, videos, and audio messages. This allows emergency management agencies to provide more detailed information about the situation, increasing public awareness and improving response actions.

Another significant development is the integration of social media platforms into emergency alert systems. Social media has become a powerful tool for disseminating information quickly and reaching a large audience. By integrating emergency alerts with popular platforms such as Twitter and Facebook, authorities can leverage the vast user base to broadcast vital information during emergencies.

B. Potential improvements and enhancements in the field

Despite the advancements mentioned above, there are still areas where emergency alert systems can be improved. One of the potential enhancements is the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) technology. AI-powered algorithms can analyze data from various sources, such as weather forecasts, sensor networks, and social media feeds, to identify potential emergencies and automatically trigger relevant alerts. This could significantly reduce the response time and increase the accuracy of emergency alerts.

Another area for improvement is the development of more accessible and inclusive alert formats. Currently, emergency alerts primarily rely on text-based messages, which may not be effective for individuals with visual or hearing impairments. Future alert systems should consider incorporating alternative formats, such as braille, audio descriptions, or sign language videos, to ensure that alerts reach and are understood by all members of the community.

Additionally, the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and smart home technology could enhance the capabilities of emergency alert systems. By connecting devices such as smoke detectors, security cameras, and medical monitoring devices to the alert system, emergency responders can receive real-time data and gain a better understanding of the emergencies they are responding to. This integration would enable quicker and more targeted responses, ultimately saving lives.

In conclusion, the future of emergency alert systems holds promising advancements and improvements. From leveraging geolocation and multimedia capabilities to integrating social media platforms, emergency alert systems are becoming more efficient and reaching a wider audience. The potential enhancements of AI technology, inclusive alert formats, and IoT integration further highlight the continuous efforts to enhance the effectiveness and responsiveness of emergency alert systems. Staying informed and prepared for emergencies is crucial, and as technology continues to advance, it is essential for individuals and communities to stay updated on the latest developments in emergency alert systems.

XConclusion

A. Recap of the importance of knowing how to send an emergency alert to someone’s phone

Knowing how to send an emergency alert to someone’s phone is vital in today’s society. Emergency alerts play a crucial role in disseminating information quickly and efficiently during critical situations. By understanding the process and requirements of sending an emergency alert, individuals can help ensure the safety and well-being of themselves and those around them.

Emergency alerts serve as a lifeline during times of crisis. They provide critical information and instructions that can help people make informed decisions and take appropriate actions. Whether it is a natural disaster, a public safety threat, or a health emergency, emergency alerts help to keep individuals informed and prepared.

B. Encouragement to stay informed and prepared for emergencies

In conclusion, it is essential for everyone to stay informed and prepared for emergencies. While emergency alerts are a valuable tool, they should not be the sole source of information. Individuals must proactively seek out information from credible sources such as local authorities, news outlets, and official emergency management agencies.

Additionally, being prepared for emergencies goes beyond knowing how to send an emergency alert. It involves having a well-thought-out emergency plan, assembling an emergency kit with essential supplies, and staying informed about potential risks and hazards in your area.

Remember, emergencies can happen at any time and being prepared can make a significant difference in how individuals and communities respond and recover. Stay informed, take action when necessary, and spread awareness about the importance of emergency preparedness to help create a safer and more resilient society.

By understanding the different aspects of emergency alerts, individuals can contribute to the effectiveness and efficiency of emergency response efforts. Whether it is by registering for alerts, crafting clear and concise messages, or staying informed about advancements in alert technology, everyone can play a role in ensuring the safety and well-being of themselves and their communities.

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