Land measurement has been a crucial aspect of human society for centuries, determining property ownership, agricultural productivity, and economic values. Among the various land measurement units used across the world, the section is a common term often used in the United States. However, many individuals may find themselves puzzled by the relationship between sections and acres. In this article, we aim to demystify this land measurement mystery and shed light on the question: How many acres are there in a section?
To embark on this journey of unraveling the connection between sections and acres, we will explore the historical origins of land measurement units and their significance in modern society. By understanding the evolution of land measurement systems, we can better comprehend the complexities of sections and acres. Moreover, we will delve into the methods employed to determine the exact number of acres in a section, as well as the potential variations based on geographical location and historical context. Whether you are a landowner, a curious observer, or an aspiring enthusiast of land measurement, this article aims to provide clarity and insight into the intricate relationship between sections and acres.
Section: An overview
A. Definition and origin of the term “section”
In the context of land measurement, a section refers to a specific unit of land. It is commonly used in the Public Land Survey System (PLSS), which is a way of dividing and describing land parcels in the United States. A section is a square-shaped area that measures one mile by one mile, resulting in a total of 640 acres.
The origin of the term “section” can be traced back to the Land Ordinance of 1785, which was passed by the United States Congress. This ordinance established a systematic approach to the surveying and division of public lands. The concept of a section was introduced to provide a standardized and uniform method for dividing the vast territory of the country.
Each section is further divided into smaller units known as legal subdivisions, which measure 40 acres each. The legal subdivisions are identified as quarter-sections, and they can be divided into smaller parcels such as half-quarter sections or quarter-quarter sections.
B. Relationship between sections and townships
The relationship between sections and townships is an essential aspect of the PLSS. A township is a larger administrative unit that consists of 36 sections arranged in a grid-like pattern. Townships typically measure six miles by six miles and cover an area of 36 square miles. Each township is identified by a unique range and township number, which are used to locate it on a map.
The sections within a township are numbered from 1 to 36 in a specific order. The numbering starts in the northeast corner of the township, with section 1, and continues in a snake-like pattern until section 36 in the southeast corner. This numbering system allows for easy identification and referencing of specific sections within a township.
Understanding the relationship between sections and townships is crucial for landowners, surveyors, and other stakeholders involved in land transactions or development projects. It provides a standardized framework for describing and identifying land parcels, facilitating efficient land management and ensuring accurate property records.
In conclusion, sections play a fundamental role in the PLSS and the overall measurement of land in the United States. The term “section” originated from the Land Ordinance of 1785, and it refers to a one-mile by one-mile square area of land. Sections are further organized within townships, which are larger administrative units. This systematic division and organization of land facilitate accurate land records, property ownership, and the overall management of land resources.
Understanding the Public Land Survey System (PLSS)
A. Introduction to the PLSS
The Public Land Survey System (PLSS) is a land management system used in the United States to divide and administer land parcels. It was developed in the late 18th century to facilitate the orderly settlement and distribution of land. The PLSS is based on a grid-like system, dividing land into rectangular units known as sections.
B. Purpose and implementation of the PLSS
The primary purpose of the PLSS was to establish a standardized and consistent method of land measurement and description. By dividing land into sections, the PLSS allows for more accurate mapping, identification, and transfer of land parcels. This systematic approach has been crucial in the establishment of property rights and the overall management of public lands.
The implementation of the PLSS involved a two-part process. First, the principal meridians and baselines were chosen as reference points for the survey. These lines served as the starting points for the establishment of townships and ranges. The second part involved the actual surveying of the land, where surveyors would measure and mark out the boundaries of each section.
The PLSS was initially implemented in states like Ohio, which were organized under the Northwest Ordinance of 1787. Over time, it was expanded to cover the majority of the western states and played a crucial role in the settlement of these areas. The grid-like nature of the PLSS allowed for easy identification and transfer of land, attracting settlers and promoting territorial development.
Furthermore, the PLSS was also used to identify and manage federal lands, particularly those designated for public domain and military reservations. This ensured proper administration and control over these lands, as well as regulated use and exploitation for various purposes such as agriculture, mining, and conservation.
By understanding the history, purpose, and implementation of the PLSS, individuals can gain insight into the importance of consistent land measurement and how it has shaped the development and management of land in the United States. The PLSS continues to play a significant role in land administration and serves as the foundation for property ownership, taxation, and other land-related activities.
Measurement units in the PLSS
A. Acre as the basic unit of measurement
In the Public Land Survey System (PLSS), the acre is considered the fundamental unit of land measurement. An acre is defined as a unit of land measuring 43,560 square feet, which is equivalent to 4,840 square yards or 0.4047 hectares. The term “acre” is believed to have originated from the Old English word “æcer,” which referred to the amount of land that a yoke of oxen could plow in a day.
The use of acres as a standard unit of measurement in the PLSS allows for uniformity and consistency in land records and transactions. It provides a standardized way of determining the size of a piece of land, regardless of its shape. This is essential for various purposes, including property ownership, taxation, land valuation, and land use planning.
B. Importance of consistent land measurement
Consistency in land measurement is crucial for fair and accurate land transactions and legal boundaries. Without a consistent unit of measurement, it would be challenging to determine the exact size and value of a piece of land. This could lead to disputes, confusion, and inefficiencies in the land market.
Having a standardized unit like the acre ensures that land surveyors, real estate professionals, and landowners can communicate and understand land measurements universally. It allows for accurate calculations of land values, such as price per acre, and simplifies the process of comparing and analyzing different parcels of land.
Moreover, consistent land measurement is vital for land use planning and development. In urban areas, for example, the size of parcels is crucial for determining the capacity and density of buildings, as well as the provision of infrastructure and services. In agriculture, consistent land measurement is essential for efficient crop planning, irrigation, and resource allocation.
By using acres as the basic unit of measurement in the PLSS, the system ensures that land measurements are standardized and consistent across the United States. This promotes transparency, efficiency, and fairness in land-related activities, benefiting both individuals and society as a whole.
Conversion factors for land measurements
Definition and explanation of conversion factors
In the Public Land Survey System (PLSS), land measurements are typically expressed in acres, which is the basic unit of measurement. However, there are occasions when it is necessary to convert acres into other land measurement units, such as square feet, square miles, or hectares. To facilitate these conversions, conversion factors are used.
Conversion factors are numerical values that enable the conversion of a measurement from one unit to another. They are determined based on the relationship between the two units of measurement. For example, the conversion factor for converting acres to square feet is 43,560, which represents the number of square feet in an acre.
Conversion factors for acres to other land measurement units
When it comes to converting acres to other land measurement units, the following conversion factors are commonly used:
1. Acres to Square Feet: To convert acres to square feet, multiply the number of acres by 43,560. For example, 1 acre is equal to 43,560 square feet.
2. Acres to Square Miles: To convert acres to square miles, divide the number of acres by 640. For example, 640 acres is equal to 1 square mile.
3. Acres to Hectares: To convert acres to hectares, multiply the number of acres by 0.4047. For example, 1 acre is equal to 0.4047 hectares.
It is important to note that these conversion factors are specific to the PLSS measurement system. Other land measurement systems, such as the metric system used in many countries, may have different conversion factors.
Understanding and using conversion factors is crucial for various purposes. For landowners or developers, converting measurements to different units can provide a better understanding of the size and scale of a piece of land. It can also be necessary for legal or administrative purposes when dealing with land transactions or regulatory requirements.
Additionally, conversion factors allow for easier comparisons between different parcels of land that may be measured using different units. This is particularly important in situations where land use planning, zoning, or environmental assessments require consistent and standardized measurements.
Having a clear understanding of the conversion factors for land measurements ensures accuracy and consistency in land-related data, enabling effective decision-making and communication in various contexts.
Determining the Acreage of a Section
Formula for calculating acreage
When it comes to determining the acreage of a section, there is a simple formula that can be used. The standard size of a section in the United States is one square mile, which is 640 acres. To calculate the acreage of a section, you multiply the length and width of the section in miles.
For example, if a section is 1.5 miles long and 0.75 miles wide, you would multiply 1.5 by 0.75 and get 1.125 square miles. To convert this to acres, you would multiply the square miles by 640. In this case, the acreage of the section would be 720 acres.
It’s important to note that this formula assumes that the section is a perfect rectangle with straight and parallel boundaries. If the section has irregular boundaries or shapes, the calculation becomes more complex.
Step-by-step guide to measuring a section
To measure a section accurately, surveyors use a variety of tools and techniques. Here is a step-by-step guide to measuring a section:
1. Determine the starting point: Typically, surveyors begin at a fundamental point known as a “corner.” This point serves as the basis for the entire survey.
2. Establish the boundary lines: Using a compass and other measuring tools, surveyors mark the boundaries of the section.
3. Measure distances: Surveyors use chains, tapes, or laser range finders to measure the distances between the corners and other points along the boundaries.
4. Calculate angles: Surveyors use theodolites or total stations to measure the angles between the boundary lines.
5. Record the data: Surveyors document all the measurements and angles taken during the survey.
6. Perform calculations: Using the gathered data, surveyors calculate the acreage of the section using the formula mentioned earlier.
7. Check for accuracy: After the calculations, surveyors retrace their steps and re-measure certain points to ensure the accuracy of their measurements.
By following these steps and utilizing precise measuring tools, surveyors can determine the exact acreage of a section. This information is crucial for landowners, farmers, urban planners, and government agencies who need accurate data for various purposes such as land sales, development, or taxation.
Challenges in measuring sections
Inaccuracies in historical measurements
One of the challenges of measuring sections is dealing with historical inaccuracies. In the past, land surveys were conducted with less advanced equipment and techniques, leading to errors and discrepancies in measurements. These inaccuracies can affect the acreage calculations and create challenges for landowners and developers.
Dealing with irregular boundaries and shapes
Another challenge is dealing with sections that have irregular boundaries and shapes. These sections may contain curves, angles, or jagged lines that require more advanced surveying techniques to accurately measure. Surveyors often make use of GPS technology and computer-aided design (CAD) software to overcome these challenges and ensure precise measurements.
It is important to address these challenges in order to maintain the integrity and accuracy of land measurements. By employing modern surveying methods and continuously improving techniques, surveyors can minimize errors and provide reliable data for landowners and decision-makers.
**VChallenges in measuring sections**
**A. Inaccuracies in historical measurements**
The process of measuring sections of land has always been a challenging task, often resulting in inaccurate measurements that can have significant consequences. One of the main challenges in measuring sections is dealing with inaccuracies in historical measurements.
Throughout history, different land measuring systems and techniques have been used, leading to inconsistencies and discrepancies in boundaries. As a result, accurate and reliable measurements of sections can be difficult to obtain.
In many cases, historical measurements were based on primitive equipment and techniques, such as using chains and compasses. These methods lacked the precision and accuracy of modern surveying techniques, leading to measurement errors. Additionally, natural obstacles such as rivers, mountains, and dense vegetation further complicated the process, making it challenging for early surveyors to accurately measure sections.
Furthermore, land disputes and conflicting claims often arose due to inaccuracies in historical measurements. These disputes not only caused legal complications but also affected land ownership and boundaries, leading to confusion and disputes among landowners.
**B. Dealing with irregular boundaries and shapes**
Measuring sections becomes even more challenging when dealing with irregular boundaries and shapes. Unlike regular shapes, such as squares or rectangles, irregularly shaped sections require additional effort and expertise to accurately measure their acreage.
Irregular boundaries can be a result of various factors, including natural features like rivers, lakes, or mountains, or human-made structures like roads or buildings. These irregular boundaries can make it difficult to determine the exact area of a section, as traditional measuring methods are not designed to handle irregular shapes.
To overcome this challenge, modern surveying techniques make use of advanced technology such as GPS (Global Positioning System) and GIS (Geographic Information System) to accurately measure irregularly shaped sections. These technologies enable surveyors to collect precise coordinates and data points, allowing for more accurate calculations of acreage.
Despite the advancements in technology, measuring uneven or irregularly shaped sections can still present challenges. It requires experienced surveyors who are well-versed in using specialized equipment and software to ensure accurate measurements.
In conclusion, measuring sections of land can be a complex task due to challenges such as historical inaccuracies and irregular boundaries. These challenges highlight the importance of utilizing advanced surveying techniques and technologies to ensure accurate and reliable measurements. By understanding and addressing these challenges, accurate acreage measurements can be obtained, preventing disputes and facilitating proper land management and utilization.
Variations in Section Sizes
A. Standard size of a section in the United States
In the United States, a section is a specific unit of land measurement used in the Public Land Survey System (PLSS). A standard section is defined as a square tract of land measuring one mile (5,280 feet) on each side, resulting in a total area of 640 acres. This standardized size was established by the federal government in the 18th century as a way to divide and distribute land to settlers, specifically through land grants and homesteading programs.
The importance of maintaining a consistent size for sections was crucial, as it allowed for ease of transferring ownership and ensuring a fair distribution of land resources. This uniformity also facilitated the establishment of accurate property boundaries and legal descriptions, which were essential for landowners and surveyors.
B. Factors influencing variations in section sizes
While the standard size of a section in the United States is 640 acres, it is important to note that not all sections adhere to this measurement. Variations in section sizes can occur due to a variety of factors, including the following:
1. Adjustments for curvature: In areas with curved boundaries, such as along rivers or coastlines, adjustments may be made to the section size to account for the curvature of the Earth. These sections may have slightly different acreages to accommodate the unique shape of the land.
2. Corrections for mineral rights: In some cases, sections that contain valuable mineral deposits, such as oil or natural gas, may be adjusted in size to account for the extraction and production of these resources. This ensures that the rights and royalties associated with mineral extraction are properly allocated.
3. Subdivisions and consolidations: Over time, sections can be divided, combined, or reconfigured to accommodate changing land use needs. As a result, section sizes may be altered to create more manageable parcels for development or conservation purposes.
4. Local land management practices: Depending on the specific region or jurisdiction, variations in section sizes may be influenced by local land management practices and regulations. These practices can differ based on factors such as ecological considerations, agricultural needs, or community planning requirements.
It is essential for landowners, real estate professionals, and surveyors to be aware of these variations in section sizes to ensure accurate property descriptions, boundaries, and land transactions. Additionally, understanding the factors that can influence section size allows for a better appreciation of the complexities and nuances of land measurement within the United States.
Impact of Section Size on Land Use
A. Agricultural implications of section size
The size of a section has a significant impact on land use, particularly in agricultural practices. In the United States, where sections are commonly used to divide land, the standard size of a section is one square mile or 640 acres. This size provides a balance between efficiency and manageability for agricultural operations.
Farmers and ranchers rely on section-sized parcels of land to maximize productivity and profitability. The uniformity of section sizes allows for standardized equipment and irrigation systems, making it easier to manage and maintain large-scale agricultural operations. The large size of sections also provides economies of scale, allowing farmers to employ modern machinery and techniques efficiently.
Furthermore, section size influences crop rotation and livestock management. Farmers use sections to plan their crop rotation systems, ensuring the efficient use of resources and preventing soil depletion. Livestock operations also benefit from section-sized parcels, as they provide ample space for grazing and allow for the segregation of different animals depending on their needs.
B. Urban planning and section size
While section size primarily affects agricultural land use, it also plays a role in urban planning and development. In urban areas, sections are often subdivided into smaller lots for residential, commercial, and industrial purposes.
The size and layout of sections impact urban infrastructure, transportation systems, and public services. Larger sections may allow for more efficient road networks and public utilities, while smaller sections might lead to denser urban development with higher population density. Planners consider section sizes when designing neighborhoods and allocating land for different land uses, aiming to optimize land utilization and ensure balanced urban development.
Additionally, the size of sections influences property values and housing affordability. In areas where land is scarce and demand is high, smaller sections can result in higher property prices, making housing less affordable for the average homeowner. Conversely, larger sections may provide opportunities for more affordable housing projects, allowing for a better balance between supply and demand.
Understanding the impact of section size on land use is crucial for policymakers, land planners, and developers. By considering the advantages and disadvantages of different section sizes, they can make informed decisions that promote sustainable agricultural practices and balanced urban development.
In conclusion, section size has significant implications for land use in both agricultural and urban contexts. The standard size of a section in the United States allows for efficient agricultural practices, crop rotation, and livestock management. In urban areas, section size influences infrastructure, property values, and housing affordability. Recognizing the impact of section sizes is essential for effective land planning and development that meets the needs of communities and ensures long-term sustainability.
Surveying techniques for accurate measurements
Overview of modern surveying methods
In order to ensure accurate land measurements, modern surveying techniques have been developed and utilized by professionals in the field. These methods employ advanced tools and technology to improve the precision and efficiency of measuring sections.
One commonly used method is the Global Positioning System (GPS), which relies on satellite signals to determine the exact location of points on the Earth’s surface. GPS technology allows surveyors to establish accurate boundaries and measurements for sections by triangulating multiple satellite signals.
Another important surveying technique is aerial photography, which involves capturing high-resolution images of the land from an aircraft or satellite. These images can then be analyzed and processed using specialized software to create detailed maps and measurements.
Laser scanning, also known as LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), is becoming increasingly popular in surveying. This method uses laser beams to rapidly measure distances and create three-dimensional models of the land and its features. LiDAR technology allows for highly precise measurements, even in challenging terrains or dense vegetation.
Use of advanced technology in measuring sections
Advancements in technology have significantly improved the accuracy and efficiency of land measurements. One such advancement is the use of drones or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for surveying purposes. Drones equipped with high-resolution cameras can capture detailed images and data of the land from various angles, enabling surveyors to obtain accurate measurements of sections.
Furthermore, Geographic Information System (GIS) software has become an essential tool in modern land surveying. GIS allows surveyors to store, analyze, and visualize spatial data, providing a comprehensive understanding of land measurements within a given area. This technology enables surveyors to identify patterns, analyze terrain characteristics, and make informed decisions based on the collected data.
In addition to the aforementioned techniques, modern surveying also incorporates traditional methods such as ground-based measurements using Total Stations. These devices use electronic distance measurement and angle measurements to determine precise positions on the land.
Overall, the combination of advanced surveying methods and cutting-edge technology has revolutionized the field of land measurement. These techniques not only ensure accurate measurements but also contribute to increased efficiency and productivity in various land-related projects, such as land development, infrastructure planning, and environmental conservation. It is important for surveyors and landowners to stay updated with these advancements to accurately measure sections and make informed decisions regarding land use and development.
Alternative land measurement systems
A. Metric system and its impact on land measurement
In today’s increasingly globalized world, the metric system has become the universally accepted system of measurement in most countries. The impact of the metric system on land measurements is no exception. While the United States continues to use its unique system of land measurement, known as the Public Land Survey System (PLSS), the metric system offers an alternative that is often considered more logical and standardized.
The metric system is based on units of ten, making conversions between different units much easier than in traditional measurement systems. When it comes to land measurements, the metric system uses square meters as its basic unit. This promotes consistency and simplifies calculations when measuring and comparing different areas of land.
One of the main advantages of the metric system in land measurement is its compatibility with geographical information systems (GIS). GIS software often uses metric units, allowing for seamless integration of land measurement data with other geographical data. This enhances the accuracy and efficiency of land surveys and facilitates better land management and planning.
However, despite its advantages, the metric system has not gained widespread adoption in the United States for land measurement purposes. The PLSS, with its units of acres, townships, and sections, remains deeply ingrained in the American land administration system. The historical legacy, administrative infrastructure, and legal framework surrounding the PLSS make a swift transition to the metric system a complex and challenging proposition.
B. Other land measurement systems in different countries
While the PLSS is unique to the United States, other countries have developed their own systems of land measurement. These systems vary depending on the geography, history, and legal frameworks of each country.
For example, Canada uses the Dominion Land Survey (DLS) system, which bears similarities to the PLSS but has its own unique characteristics. Australia has the Torrens System, which is based on the metric system and focuses on securing land titles and registration. The United Kingdom, on the other hand, uses the Ordnance Survey, which provides detailed mapping and survey data.
In some cases, international organizations have also developed standardized land measurement systems. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has established guidelines for land measurement, aiming to harmonize measurement practices across countries and enable better comparison and analysis of land-related data globally.
Understanding these alternative land measurement systems is crucial for international cooperation, land administration, and land governance. Promoting standardization and interoperability among different systems can facilitate cross-border land transactions, improve land management practices, and enhance the exchange of land-related information on a global scale.
In conclusion, while the metric system offers a logical and standardized approach to land measurement, the PLSS remains the dominant system in the United States. Nonetheless, it is important to be aware of alternative land measurement systems used in different countries, as they provide valuable insights for international cooperation and land management efforts. Standardization and compatibility among these systems can lead to more effective land governance and contribute to sustainable land use worldwide.
Importance of accurate land measurements
A. Role in property ownership and boundaries
Accurate land measurements play a crucial role in property ownership and the establishment of boundaries. When purchasing or selling property, knowing the exact size and dimensions of the land is essential. An accurate measurement ensures that both parties understand what is being bought or sold, avoiding disputes and legal issues in the future.
Property boundaries are also determined by accurate land measurements. Establishing clear boundaries is vital to prevent encroachment and trespassing, which can lead to conflicts between neighbors. Surveyors use measurements to demarcate property lines, using physical markers such as stakes or fences. These measurements provide an objective reference point for property owners, ensuring that the boundaries are respected.
B. Influence on taxation and land valuation
Accurate land measurements have a direct impact on taxation and land valuation. Property taxes are often calculated based on the size and value of the land. Governments rely on accurate measurements to determine the taxable area and assess the appropriate tax rate. Errors or discrepancies in land measurements can result in incorrect tax assessments, eTher causing individuals to pay more taxes than they should or leading to potential tax evasion.
Land valuation for various purposes, such as real estate transactions or securing loans, also relies on accurate measurements. Buyers, sellers, and lenders require precise information about the size, shape, and characteristics of the land to make informed decisions. An incorrect or imprecise measurement can significantly impact the perceived value of the land, potentially affecting the sale price or loan terms.
In addition to taxation and land valuation, accurate measurements are essential for various other purposes, including land development, urban planning, environmental assessments, and natural resource management. Making informed decisions in these areas requires reliable data about the land’s size and dimensions.
In conclusion, accurate land measurements are crucial for property ownership and boundaries, as well as taxation and land valuation. Understanding the importance of accurate measurements helps individuals avoid disputes, ensures fair taxation, and facilitates informed decision-making in various land-related activities. It is essential to recognize the value of accurate land measurements in different contexts to promote efficiency, fairness, and responsible land management.
Conclusion
Summary of Key Points
In this article, we have delved into the intricacies of land measurement and explored the various aspects related to sections within the Public Land Survey System (PLSS). We began by providing a definition of land measurement and its importance in determining property boundaries, land valuation, and taxation. We also traced the brief history of land measuring systems.
Moving forward, we focused on sections, their origin, and their relationship with townships within the PLSS. We then introduced the PLSS itself, discussing its purpose and implementation. A crucial aspect of land measurement in the PLSS is the acre, which serves as the basic unit of measurement. Consistent land measurement is crucial for accurate surveys and land use planning.
Conversion factors for land measurements were also explored, with a clear definition and explanation provided. We discussed the conversion factors for converting acres to other land measurement units, enabling a better understanding of different land measurement systems.
To determine the acreage of a section, we provided a formula and a step-by-step guide. However, we acknowledge the challenges that may arise when measuring sections, including inaccuracies in historical measurements and dealing with irregular boundaries and shapes.
Another interesting point we discussed was the variations in section sizes within the United States, with factors influencing these variations explained. We explored the implications of section size on agricultural practices and urban planning, highlighting the importance of understanding section size in land use decision-making.
Furthermore, we provided a brief overview of modern surveying methods and the use of advanced technology in accurate land measurement. We examined alternative land measurement systems, such as the metric system and systems used in other countries, acknowledging their impact on land measurement practices.
Lastly, we analyzed the importance of accurate land measurements, emphasizing their role in defining property ownership and boundaries, as well as their influence on taxation and land valuation. We discussed historical examples and current issues arising from inaccurate land measurements as case studies.
Importance of Understanding Land Measurements in Various Contexts
Understanding land measurements is essential in various contexts, whether for property transactions, land development, or urban planning. Accurate land measurements facilitate fair and just distribution of land, ensuring property owners’ rights are protected. Furthermore, governmental bodies rely on precise land measurements for taxation purposes and to assess the value of land.
Knowledge of land measurements is also beneficial in environmental planning and natural resource management. Proper land measurements aid in mapping and preserving ecosystems, identifying protected areas, and promoting sustainable land use practices.
Additionally, understanding land measurements helps prevent conflicts over boundaries by establishing clear demarcation lines between properties. It enables efficient land use planning, allowing for better allocation of resources and infrastructure development.
In conclusion, unraveling the land measurement mystery is crucial in today’s complex world. By understanding the various aspects of land measurements, including sections within the PLSS, conversion factors, challenges, variations, and the impact on land use, we can make informed decisions and ensure fair and accurate land practices.